我国运动员人格要素商品化利益的分享机制——以《中华人民共和国民法典》人格权立法为背景

The Sharing Mechanism of Commercialized Interests of Chinese Athletes’Personality Elements—On the Background of the Personality Right Legislation in Civil Code of the People’s Repubilc of China

采用文献资料调研、逻辑分析、法解释学等方法研究投资者如何与运动员分享其人格要素商品化利益问题。我国体育管理部门或项目协会长期以来已经对支配权利益分享模式形成路径依赖。鉴于该模式在配套衔接我国人格权立法一般规定、平衡保护运动员人格利益方面的局限,有必要进行制度创新,确立请求权利益分享模式。请求权模式将人格要素商品化权属配置给运动员,与运动员有隶属关系的投资者依法享有该权属之优先使用许可,其他投资者依约定可获得许可使用之请求权。运动员人格要素商品化使用中发生的权利冲突,应通过个案衡量、平等商谈等方法解决。研究对平衡投资者与运动员财产利益关系,调动社会多元主体参与运动员培养积极性,推进竞技运动人才培养方式改革,具有现实意义。

By using the methods of literature review,logic analysis and hermeneutics,this paper studies how investors share the commercialized interests of personality elements with athletes.The study finds that Chinese sports authorities have formed a dependent path on the“right of dominion”benefit-sharing mode for a long time.In view of the limitations of this mode in linking up the general provisions of Chinese personality legislation and balancing the protection of athletes’personality interests,it is necessary to innovate the system and establish the benefit sharing mode of“right of claim”.This mode allocates the commercialization right of personality elements to athletes.Investors who are affiliated with athletes enjoy the right of priority according to law,and other investors can obtain the right of claim for licensing according to the agreement.The conflict of rights in the commercialization of athletes’personality elements should be resolved through individual case measurement and equal negotiation.The thesis has practical significance for balancing the relationship between the property interests of investors and athletes,mobilizing the pluralistic subjects of the society to participate in the cultivation of athletes,and promoting the reform of the training method of athletes.