海洋植物谱系地理模式与遗传连通性研究进展

PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS AND GENETIC CONNECTIVITY OF MARINE PLANTS:A REVIEW

海洋植物谱系地理学虽然在国内受到的关注比较有限,但近年来的研究进展对了解环境变动如何影响物种的多样性结构、生态适应和进化潜力等亦提供了重要信息。本文首先对刊发海洋植物谱系地理研究最具代表性的两本国际期刊《Molecular Ecology》和《Journal of Biogeography》进行搜索和筛选,从研究团队的地域分布和研究对象的阶元等角度纵览全球范围内近20年间海洋植物谱系地理学研究的现状和特征。其后,本文从洋流如何驱动海洋植物谱系地理结构和多样性、入侵物种的种群遗传变异特征和路径重建、冰期避难所如何影响现今海洋植物遗传结构和地理变动、克隆繁殖和谱系多样化等四个方面概述了这一领域的主要成果进展。最后,本文还从岛屿地理模型、共生物种的谱系协同进化和高通量数据应用等三个方面对海洋植物谱系地理学的发展趋势进行了展望。

Marine plant phylogeography is a relatively minority research area with no more than 30 years,but it has made considerable contribution to the understanding of how environmental changes altered marine species diversity patterns,ecological adaptation,and evolutionary capability across time and space.We firstly searched and screened papers on the marine plant phylogeography published in two most well-known international journals Molecular Ecology and Journal of Biogeography,and then summarized the main tendency and research status of marine plant phylogeography during 2000—2019 in terms of country/region of the author(s)and taxonomic position of research objectives in the world.We subsequently reviewed the mechanistic roles of ocean currents in shaping phylogeographic structure and diversity of marine plants,population genetic variation and reconstruction of colonization routes of invasive species,the genetic imprints of glacial refugia in extant genetic connectivity and geographic shifts of marine plants,and the contribution of clonal reproduction to phylogeographic diversification.Finally,this article forecasts the future research directions of marine plant phylogeography in terms of incorporating island biogeographic hypotheses,phylogeographic co-evolution of symbiotic plants and microbiome,and the application of high-throughput sequencing data to thoroughly understand diversity,distribution,and evolution of marine plants.