商品林赎买政策地区绩效差异及其影响因素分析

Analysis of Regional Performance Difference and Influencing Factors of Commercial Forest Redemption Policy

基于武夷山市、顺昌县、沙县和武平县这4个案例点的数据,利用熵值法分析福建商品林赎买政策产生的生态及经济绩效,并建构Logit模型分析案例点政策绩效差异的影响因素。结果表明:在政府控制强的地区,政策宣传到位使民众了解政策目的,对政策的生态绩效有正向作用;林改中没有细分林权的地区,小农户林地少、资本量小,被排除在政策之外,对政策的经济绩效评价最差;在政府禁伐控制度较松,允许社会力量参与改造提升的地区,政府回应性差将显著降低政策的经济绩效。因此,政府一方面应进一步加强宣传商品林赎买政策的目的和意义,减少民众的抵触情绪,政府还应当加强及时回应性,提高林业纠纷解决效率;另一方面政府根据各地林权细分的具体情况,允许制度多样化,引导社会资本投入,拓展民间资本的投融资渠道,推进多元化生态补偿。

⑴Background——The commercial forest redemption policy is another attempt for government to protect the ecology.Its main purpose is to store commercial forests in key locations and replace them with natural forest species to achieve ecological balance.⑵Methods——In 2018,the research team conducted field surveys on four types of sample sites in Wuyishan City,Shunchang County,Sha County and Wuping County.We obtained a total of 249 valid questionnaires in this survey.After evaluating the ecological performance and economic performance of each case through the entropy method,we divided the four types of samples into four types of performance result models according to their relative sizes.On this basis,we construct a multiple logit model and select the influencing variables according to the SES framework.The variables are screened through the stepwise regression method to obtain a better model to analyze the influencing factors of the policy performance differences at each location.⑶Results——Based on the survey results and model analysis results,we found understanding the policy purpose(U4)is significantly influencing the result in Wuyishan City and Wuping County.And the marginal effect of the former is 0.2320,while the latter is-0.1545,which means,①n areas with strong government control,a great policy publicity can make people understand the purpose of the policy and as a result,the ecological performance of the policy will be greatly improved.At the same time,the forest tenure division method—forestation to group(GS1-2)is only significant in Shaxian,and the marginal effect is 0.1976,which means,②In areas where forest rights are not subdivided during forest reform,small farmers are excluded from the policy for they have less forest land and less capital.Thus,they have the worst evaluation on the economic performance of policies.At the same time,according to the statistical results,the administrative efficiency indicator is significant in Wuping and Shaxian,which shows that the better the government's responsiveness leads to the higher the farmers'evaluation of the policy and economic performance.Thus,we can obtain the third conclusion,③In areas where the government has loose control over logging and allows social forces to participate in transformation and promotion,poor government response will significantly reduce the economic performance of policies.And forest ecological protection cannot be internalized into long-term collective action of forest farmers.④The system diversity exists in the forest right reform in different regions and the degree of forest right subdivision has a significant influence on the policy results.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Therefore,the article draws the following enlightenments.On the one hand,the government should further promote the purpose and significance of the commodity forest foreclosure policy to reduce the resistance of people.Meanwhile,the government's timely response should also be strengthened to improve the efficiency of forestry dispute resolution.On the other hand,the government should diversify the institutions and guide social capital investment according to the specific situation of the forest rights subdivision in various places.What is more,the government should also expand investment and financing channels for private capital and promote diversified ecological compensation.