森林生态-经济系统的协同机理分析

Analysis of the Mechanism of Collaborative Development of Forest Eco-economy System

基于具有共同使用权的集体林,在森林生态-经济系统中引入埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆提出的社会-生态系统分析框架和自主治理理论,分析一级子系统间的互动逻辑以及森林生态-经济系统的二级变量和影响系统自主治理相关变量,探索影响森林生态-经济系统的协同机制。结果表明:在信息不对称的情况下,政府组织的与非政府组织的集体行动将加剧森林生态经济协同发展的困境;行动者从森林资源系统中提取森林资源单位,从而实现经济效益;人类对森林生态系统的平均提取率不超过平均补充率时,森林生态系统可再生资源才得以长期持续发展。

⑴Background——How to identify and reveal the key variables and formation mechanism of forest eco-economic coupling system,and then put forward the policy about the coordinated development is primary in the sustainable development of forestry industry.⑵Methods——Taking the collective forest with common use rights as an example,the analytical framework of Eleanor Ostrom's Social-Ecological System and the theory of self-governance to analyze the interaction mechanism of forest resources,governance and actor in the Forest Eco-economic systems.54 secondary variables under the subsystem and 10 related variables affecting the self-governance of the system are analyzed and explained,these variables are also analyzed on how these variables affect the synergy of forest eco-economic system.⑶Results——Since the new collective forest rights were carried out in 2003,there have been some unclear boundaries in some forest and property right and lack of the resolution mechanism to solve the conflict.The problems cause forest right disputes and affects forest management actors to respond the market demand changes rationally.With the support of the collective forest system and related policy,the right to operate the collective forest with shared property has been activated,and some new forestry management organization has also emerged.However,for lack of the long operating history,the operating rules,collective selection rules,legal rules and supervision mechanisms,it affects the healthy development of autonomous management of forest management.The collective action of government organizations and non-governmental organizations in the background of asymmetric information aggravates the dilemma of coordinated development of forest ecological economy.In pursuit of short-term economic benefits,actors plant more economic forests such as fast-growing and high-yield forests and fruit forests,which risks destroying the ecological environment.Actors pursue long-term economic interests such as forest structure and quality of forest resources so as to promote the coordinated development of forest ecology and forestry economy.Actors extract forest resource units from the forest resource system to achieve economic benefits.But while the average extraction rate of human to the forest ecosystem does not exceed the average replenishment rate,the sustainable development of forest ecosystem renewable resources can be achieved.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The macro ordered structure of Forest Eco-economic system depends on the correlation and functional synergy among the system components,that is to say,we should not only pay attention to the role of each single factor,but also focus on the relationship between the secondary variables within the systems,the relationship of the external of system of the social,economic and political background and ecological environment.Forest management is a public welfare.The key to the coordinated development of forest ecology and forestry economy is to enhance the ability of community self-governance under the national legal framework.How can the actors of forest management and self-governance carry out the supply,commitment,supervision and sustainable common benefits under the temptation of free riding,avoiding responsibility or other opportunistic behavior.In order to realize the sustainable management of forest resources,it is necessary to improve the independent management ability of forestry cooperation organization and improve the management system of forest ecosystem.Based on the complexity and specialty of forest ecological coupling system,interdisciplinary or interdisciplinary research can study and understand complex Forest Eco-economic system from multiple perspectives.And interdisciplinary research is more conducive to a comprehensive analysis and identification of the mechanism.It is helpful to coordinated development of forest ecology and forestry economy.Besides,there is a contradiction in the synchronous development of forest ecology and forestry economy and their cooperation involves many stakeholders.By strengthening the empirical study on the interaction between macro forest ecology and forestry economy,this paper highlights the theoretical value of SES framework in balancing the coordinated sustainable development of forest ecology and forestry economy in China.