“放管服”改革对木材加工企业出口的影响研究

Impact of the Reforms of“Streamline Administration-Delegate Powers,and Improve Regulation and Services”on Wood Processing Enterprise's Export

基于2014年《全国私营企业调查数据》提供的“放管服”改革评价信息的数据以及10991家木材加工企业的数据,采用Tobit模型和OLS回归方法,评估了“放管服”改革对木材加工企业出口参与和出口额的影响。结果表明:“放管服”改革滞后地区的木材加工企业进入国际市场,改革先进地区能显著地促进出口企业的出口规模扩张;“放管服”改革通过改进生产效率和减少寻租行为对木材加工企业的出口参与和出口额产生间接的促进效应;木材加工及木家具制造企业、小规模企业、内资民营企业、运营能力弱企业和东部企业更可能因地区“放管服”改革滞后被挤出国内市场。因此,各级政府及相关部门应加快“放管服”改革步伐,加快化解林业生产经营领域的体制机制障碍。

⑴Background——The government has been promoting the reforms on“streamline administration-delegate powers,and improve regulation and services(SADPIS)”in the forestry.How these reforms affect export behaviors of wood processing enterprises is one of the issues that forestry economists concern.⑵Methods——Based on the evaluation data of the SADPIRS reforms provided by the“National Private Enterprise Survey Data”in 2014,which is matched with the“China Industrial Enterprise Database in 2013”,a unique data of 10991 wood processing enterprises in 148 prefecture-level cities is obtained.Moreover,Tobit model is used to evaluate the effect of the SADPIRS reforms on the export participation of wood processing enterprises,and least squares(OLS)regression is used to evaluate the effects on firms'export value.The above two-step regression can alleviate the sample selection bias problem.⑶Results——First and foremost,the average evaluation score of the export enterprises on SADPIS is slightly lower than the score of the non-export enterprises.It shows that the enterprises maybe be forced to seek development through export or to be restricted much by government in the areas where reform lags behind.Second,there are important approaches for the traditional export enterprise especially those exporting to U.S in pursuit of developing the domestic market,expanding the scale of domestic sales or exporting to domestic saleswith the re-emergence of trade protectionism and enhancement of uncertain trade environment such as Sino-Us trade friction.The areas where the reform lags behind are supposed to speed up the pace of reform and provide a good business environment for enterprises to prolong their lifecycle.First,wood processing enterprises in the areas where the SADPIRS reforms lags behind have been“squeezed out”of the domestic market and forced to enter the international market,but advanced reform areas can significantly promote the export scale expansion of export enterprises.The SADPIRS reforms can indirectly promote the export of wood processing enterprises by improving productivity and reducing rent-seeking behavior.To a certain extent,in the areas where the SADPIRS reforms lags behind,SADPIRS can alleviate the“forced effect”of enterprises entering into the international market.Third,this phenomenon of“forcing effect”is more likely to occur in these enterprises such as wood processing and wood furniture manufacturing enterprises,small-scale enterprises,private enterprises,enterprises with weak operating capabilities and enterprises in eastern China.Fourth,whether to decrease administrative approval is a core element that determines the positive and negative effects of the SADPIRS reforms,which should be supposed to be the“leading gun”and“first move”.The optimization of market supervision and government services can significantly promote the export of wood processing enterprises,but they have no significant impact on the export expansion of export enterprises.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——First,to reshape China's market and institutional advantages,the government should deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system,and make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of market resources.Also the government should withdraw from the micro-administrative affairs entrusted by administration,and concentrate limited public resources and government forces to do a good job of supervision and government services.Second,the forestry department is required to speed up to solve the problems of system and mechanism in forestry field,such as many procedures and harsh conditions for applying for forest ownership certificate,one-size fitting all forest cutting regulatory policies,difficult coordination between forestry departments and natural resource management departments,low marketization of forest land exploration and cutting area design planning,and difficulty in obtaining industrial land approval for wood processing enterprises.