2018-2020年某医院食源性疾病主动监测分析

Analysis of Active Surveillance of Foodborne Diseases in a Hospital from 2018 to 2020

目的分析安阳市第三人民医院2018—2020年食源性疾病主动监测数据,为制定食源性疾病相关防控措施提供数据参考。方法导出2018年1月至2020年12月安阳市第三人民医院通过“食源性疾病监测报告系统”上报的食源性疾病主动监测数据,对监测病例人群和时间分布、病原学检测结果、可疑饮食暴露史等进行分析。结果共上报病例692例,送检标本641例,检测阳性58例,阳性率9.05%(58/641)。共检出62个阳性菌株,病原体以致泻大肠埃希菌为最多,占46.77%(29/62),其次依次为诺如病毒、沙门菌、志贺菌,分别占27.42%(17/62)、22.58%(14/62)和3.23%(2/62)。病例报告高峰为5—11月。0~5岁阳性检出率最高,为30.77%(20/65),占32.26%(20/62)。上报病例中农民最多[20.52%(142/692)],进食场所以家庭占比最大[69.36%(480/692)],食品类别以混合食品为主[29.62%(205/692)],加工包装方式多是家庭自制、散装和餐饮服务[90.03%(623/692)]。结论应重视学龄前儿童、农民和家庭自制食品的食品安全问题,加相关知识宣教,多部门联防联控,防控食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To analyze the active surveillance data of foodborne diseases from the Third People’s Hospital of Anyang from 2018 to 2020 to provide references for formulating foodborne disease prevention and control measures.Methods The active foodborne disease surveillance data reported by the Third People’s Hospital of Anyang from January 2018 to December 2020 through the foodborne disease monitoring and reporting system were exported,and the population and time distribution of the monitored cases,the pathogenic test results,as well as the suspicious dietary exposure history were analyzed.Results A total of 692 cases were reported,641 specimens were submitted for examination,58 cases were positive,and the positive rate was 9.05%(58/641).A total of 62 positive strains were detected.The most common pathogen was diarrheal Escherichia coli[46.77%(29/62)],followed by Norovirus[27.42%(17/62)],Salmonella[22.58%(14/62)],and Shigella[3.23%(2/62)].The peak of case reports was from May to November.The positive detection rate of 0-5 years old was the highest,which was 30.77%(20/65),accounting for 32.26%(20/62).The most reported cases were farmers[20.52%(142/692)].Households accounted for the largest proportion of eating places[69.36%(480/692)].The food category was mainly mixed food[29.62%(205/692)].The processing and packaging methods were mostly home-made,bulk and catering services[90.03%(623/692)].Conclusion The food safety issues of preschool children,farmers and family homemade food should be paid attention to,and relevant knowledge publicity and education should be added.Multi-sector joint prevention and control to prevent and control the occurrence of foodborne diseases.