我国女子20km竞走运动员摆动技术的运动学分析

Kinematics research on the swing technique of Chinese female 20km walking race

为分析我国女子竞走运动员的摆动技术,以提高女子竞走实力,采用高速摄像、录像解析等方法对十三届全运会女子20 km竞走前八名运动员冲刺阶段的摆动技术进行对比研究。研究发现:1)8名运动员的腾空时间在0.07s内;前摆动阶段所占比例大于后摆动阶段。2)8名运动员肘关节摆动速度大于肩关节的,前摆速度快于后摆速度;左膝左踝的摆动速度大于右膝右踝的,膝关节的后摆速度快于前摆速度。3)8名运动员肘关节摆动平均角度小于100°,后垂摆角度大于前垂摆角度;右膝最小角度均值为90°,小于世界优秀选手。右膝关节的角度与速度之间呈显著负相关。4)8名运动员向前“送髋”技术有差异,两腿前摆、腾空和后摆的距离相差较大。表明:1)我国女子竞走运动员腾空时间合理,但是两腿的摆动时间、腾空时间和前后摆动阶段百分比有差异。2)上下肢摆动速度偏慢,左右关节的摆动速度也有差异;右膝关节和左肘关节摆动速度的变化曲线走势大体一致。3)具有较大后垂摆的技术特征,而肘关节前、后摆最小角度值和膝关节摆动的最小角都偏小。4)后摆距离大于前摆距离,前后摆距离的百分比处于较合理范围内。

The swing technique of Chinese women’s walking athletes is analyzed,to improve their walking ability.The high-speed camera and video analysis were used to compare the swing techniques of the first eight athletes during the 20km race walking in the 13th National Games.1)The flight time of the eight athletes was within 0.07s;the proportion of the front swing phase was greater than that of the rear swing phase.2)The eight athletes’elbow swing speed is faster than shoulder joint speed,forward swing speed is faster than back swing speed;left knee and left ankle swing speed is faster than right knee and right ankle speed,knee back swing speed is faster than front Pendulum speed.3)The average swing angle of elbow joints of the eight athletes is less than 100°,and the swing angle of back swing is greater than the swing angle of front swing.There was a significant negative correlation between the angle of the right knee and its speed.4)The eight athletes have different“forward hip”technology.The distance between the two legs swing forward,vacant and back swing greatly.So,1)The flying time of Chinese women’s race walking athletes is reasonable,but the swing time of the legs,the flying time,and the percentage of the swing period before and after are different.2)The swing speed of the upper and lower limbs is slow,and the swing speeds of the left and right joints are also different;the curve of the swing speed of the right knee joint and the left elbow joint is generally consistent.3)It has the technical characteristics of a large back pendulum,while the minimum angle of the elbow joint and the back pendulum and the minimum angle of the knee joint are both small.4)The back swing distance is greater than the front swing distance,and the percentage of the front and back swing distance is within a reasonable range.