生物炭对白浆土土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

Effects of biochar addition on soil microbial metabolic activities of carbon sources in Albic soil

为探究不同施用量的生物炭对中国东北酸化白浆土土壤微生物群落碳代谢特征的影响,设置了不施用生物炭的对照(C0t)和生物炭用量分别为15 t·hm^(-2)(C1t)、30 t·hm^(-2)(C2t)与60 t·hm^(-2)(C3t)的处理,运用Biolog-Eco微孔板技术分析土壤微生物群落的功能多样性。结果表明:与C0t处理相比,增施生物炭处理土壤微生物平均每孔颜色变化率(AWCD)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数和Simpson指数均显著增加。随着生物炭施用量的增加,碳源利用由多聚物类向氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源转变。D-木糖、D-半乳糖醛酸、N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺、L-天冬酰胺酸、L-苏氨酸、吐温-40、吐温80、肝糖和腐胺的利用能力显著高于C0t处理。主成分分析结果表明,碳水化合物类和胺类是不同处理下微生物利用的主要碳源。综合考虑,认为30 t·hm^(-2)生物炭施用量对玉米连作土壤微生态环境的影响最优。

In order to understand the effect of different biochar application rates on the metabolic characteristics of carbon sources of soil microbial community in acidified Albic soil in Northeast China,we conducted an experiment including following treatments:control(C0t),15 t·hm^(-2) biochar(C1t),30 t·hm^(-2) biochar(C2t)and 60 t·hm^(-2) biochar(C3t);and analyzed their effects on the functional diversity of soil microbial community.The results showed that additional biochar application significantly increased the average well color development(AWCD)value,Shannon Wiener diversity index,richness index and Simpson index of soil microorganism compared with C0t treatment.With the increased rate of biochar application,the utilization of carbon sources changed from polymers towards amino acids and carboxylic acids.The utilization energy of D-xylose,D-galacturonic acid,N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,l-asparagic acid,l-threonine,Tween-40,Tween 80,hepatose and putrescine was significantly higher in the addition of biochar application than that of C0t treatment,respectively.The principal component analysis showed that carbohydrates and amines were the main carbon sources of carbon source utilization under different treatments,while amino acids,carboxylic acids,phenolic acids and polymers were the sensitive carbon sources to distinguish the differences between C0t treatment and the treatment with biochar application.C2t treatment was a reasonable application rate for the soil micro-ecological environment with corn continuous cropping.