绍兴古城山地园林流变研究

Study on the Transformation of Mountain Landscape in Ancient Shaoxing City

古代绍兴府三山(卧龙山、蕺山、怪山)是城内主要的3座自然山丘,对绍兴城的建设与发展具有重要意义。自春秋时期范蠡依托三山筑城至今,三山伴随着绍兴城的发展而发展,其山地园林也随着绍兴城建设需要的改变而不断流变。结合方志和历史图文,对三山的建设历程和园林流变进行梳理,发现三山的发展经历了4个重要时期:建城初期作为"仙山"意境成为建城的依凭,后成为承担城市职能的公共园林,再到文人士族城市"隐居"的场所,最终成为孕育和留存城市文化的载体,这对于古代城市山地景观与城市之间的关系有实证意义。同时提出城市山地园林和城市互相作用、共同发展的观点,对于探讨城市风景园林的社会价值有一定意义。

In ancient Shaoxing,the three mountains(Mt.Wolong,Mt.Jishan,Mt.Guai)were the main natural hills in the city,which was of great significance to the construction and development of Shaoxing.Since the Spring and Autumn period,Fan Li built the city based on the three mountains,they grew together with Shaoxing city,and its mountain landscape also changed with the construction needs of Shaoxing city.Combined with local chronicles and historical pictures,this paper combs the construction process and landscape evolution of the three mountains,and finds that the development of the three mountains has gone through four important periods:in the early stage of the city construction,as a"fairy mountain"artistic conception,it became the basis of the city construction,then became a public garden undertaking the urban functions,then to assume the functions of the public garden,and then went to the place where the literati lived in seclusion,and finally became the carrier of nurturing and preserving the urban culture,which has empirical significance for the relationship between the ancient urban mountain landscape and the city.At the same time,this paper puts forward the viewpoint of interaction and common development between urban mountain garden and city,which has certain significance for exploring the social value of urban landscape architecture.