湖南冷水江市锑矿区植物调查与植物规划研究

Plant Investigation and Plant Planning Research of Antimony Mining Area in Lengshuijiang City,Hunan Province

为促进湖南省冷水江市锑矿区的植被恢复与综合利用,对锑矿区现有植物进行调查,利用聚类分析法分析矿区植物组成、优势物种及植物群落类型,并对矿区进行植物规划。研究结果表明:矿区植被由26科、44属、46种组成,草本(50%)>乔木(28%)>灌木(22%)。乔、灌、草的优势种分别为女贞、醉鱼草、芒草。植物群落类型分为5类:喜树—苎麻—芒草、女贞—苎麻—一年蓬、女贞—醉鱼草—芒草、女贞—山茶—一年蓬、醉鱼草—芒草。矿区4个区域的植物种植模式为:女贞—醉鱼草—艾草(道路绿化区);女贞+喜树—醉鱼草+接骨木—荩草、苎麻—葛(生态恢复区);优势树种与乡土树种混交林植(山地林区);观赏价值高的乔灌木配植(居住办公区)。研究结果为矿区植被恢复提供了物种选择与种植配置模式,为其他矿区植被恢复提供参考。

In order to promote the vegetation restoration and comprehensive utilization of the antimony mining area in Lengshuijiang City,Hunan Province,the existing plants in antimony mining area were investigated.The plant composition,dominant species and plant community types in the mining area were analyzed by cluster analysis,and the plant planning was carried out in the mining area.The research results show that the vegetation in the mining area is composed of 26 families,44 genera,and 46 species,with herbs(50%)>trees(28%)>shrubs(22%).The dominant species of trees,shrubs and herbs are Ligustrum lucidum,Buddleja lindleyana Fortune and Miscanthus respectively.Plant community types are divided into five categories:Camptotheca acuminata-Boehmeria nivea-Miscanthus,Ligustrum lucidum-Boehmeria nivea-Erigeron annuus,Ligustrum lucidum-Buddleja lindleyana Fortune-Miscanthus,Ligustrum lucidum-Camellia japonica-Erigeron annuus,Buddleja lindleyana Fortune-Miscanthus.The planting patterns of the four areas in the mining area are:Ligustrum lucidum-Buddleja lindleyana Fortune-Artemisia argyi(road greening area);Ligustrum lucidum+Camptotheca acuminata-Buddleja lindleyana Fortune+Sambucus williamsii Hance-Arthraxon hispidus,Boehmeria nivea-Pueraria lobata(ecological restoration area);Mixed planting of dominant species and native tree species(mountain forest area);mixed planting of trees and shrubs with high ornamental value(residential office area).The research results provide species selection and planting patterns for vegetation restoration in mining areas,and provide reference for vegetation restoration in other mining areas.