元代漕粮海运与江南滨海地区的空间开发

Maritime transport of tribute grain during the Yuan dynasty andthe spatial development of coastal regions in the South of the Yangtze River

元代实施中国史上“旷古未有”的大规模漕粮海运,重塑了江南地区的空间发展格局,促进了滨海地区的社会经济转型。元代官方为开通漕粮海运,在滨海地区进行港口选址及港航设施的建设,同时,服务于漕粮海运的仓储设施、宗教庙宇、军事设施等布列其中,使得该地区的空间与市政功能朝着海运专业化的趋势发展。南人海运官员及数十万计的海运船户及其家属居住于滨海港口地区,带来了社会结构和经济类型的深刻变革。尽管在元末江南动乱中,江南滨海地区遭受了沉重打击,但是元代漕粮海运所留下的航海遗产仍对其发展产生了重大影响。

Transporting tribute grain by maritime transport during the Yuan dynasty was“unprecedented”in Chinese history,which not only reshaped the spatial development pattern of the South of the Yangtze River,but also promoted the social and economic transformation of the coastal towns.In order to implement the maritime transport system,the site selection and construction of port and navigation facilities were carried out in the coastal area.At the same time,the storage facilities,temples,and military facilities that served the transportation of food and grain were built,making the space and municipal functions possible for the maritime transportation.The social structure and the economic patterns of the coastal towns also underwent major changes for shipping families and hundreds of thousands of shipping owners and their families who lived in the area.Despite the heavy blows of coastal towns in regions south of the Yangtze River during the turmoil at the end of the Yuan dynasty,the heritage left by the maritime transport system of rations still had a significant historic impact on coastal development.