限硫令下五问燃油

Focus:five questions for fuel under sulfur limit

关键提示无论是限硫令还是碳中和,带给航运业的最大影响和问题,与其说是技术层面的,不如说是成本和风险管控层面的。航运业要实现减排目标和愿景,最有效、最根本的抓手就是使用无污染、低污染、碳中和且经济可行的绿色能源作为船舶的燃料或动力。但航运业面临的路径是不明的,面临的选择是困惑的,面临的挑战是空前的。

The entry into force of IMO2020 is undoubtedly an important milestone for the international shipping industry and a prelude to the green transformation of this ancient industry. Before the sulphur restrictions came into force, there was a sense of trepidation in the shipping industry. A year on, the shipping market has not been disrupted and world trade continues to flow normally. So was the transition really that smooth? What are the challenges to the operation cost and risk control of shipping enterprises? What are the major changes in the global bunker oil market combined with the impact of the epidemic? In the era of low sulfur, how to control safety risks, to ensure the quality of fuel? How do port and shipping enterprises deal with the common legal risks that may appear? What clean energy sources and development paths can the shipping industry choose to achieve the long-term carbon reduction target? The five articles in this Focus column will provide a green answer to these questions. Impact of sulphur restriction and carbon neutrality on the shipping industry:the biggest impact and problems for the shipping industry, whether it is sulphur restriction or carbon neutrality,are not so much at the technical level as at the cost and risk management level. The most effective and fundamental way for the shipping industry to achieve its emission reduction goals and vision is to use pollution-free, low-pollution, carbon-neutral and economically viable green energy as fuel or power for ships. But the path the shipping industry faces is unclear, the choices are baffling and the challenges are unprecedented. Changes in the global Marine fuel oil market under sulfur restriction: low-sulfur bunker oil provides the best consumption channel for China’s seriously excess refining capacity, especially the middle distillate with prominent structural excess problem. The first year, 2020 just ship sulfur emissions limits, carbon up to the peak and carbon neutral target ship environmental requirements under the escalating pressure, high oil prices will make ship power alternative to accelerate, LNG power, methanol fuel cells, electric drive and the hydrogen is decades of ship power development direction and future marine fuel oil market "variable X". How to ensure fuel quality in low sulfur era:the implementation of IMO2020 is a major change in the shipboard oil supply industry. Now a year has passed, it is necessary for the industry to carry out in-depth research on the quality of low-sulfur fuel, common use problems and so on, so as to master the hidden danger points of low-sulfur fuel, do a good job in risk response and ensure the quality of fuel. Shipowners can strengthen the quality assurance measures of low-sulfur fuel by strictly selecting high-quality fuel suppliers, purchasing compliant low-sulfur fuel according to ISO4259, and agreeing on the value of some key indicators between suppliers and recipients, etc., and solve the use problems of low-sulfur fuel through various ways. Common legal risks and countermeasures of China port and shipping enterprises under sulphur restriction order:today, one year after the implementation of the sulfur cap, low sulfur fuel prices have not risen as predicted due to factors such as COVID-19 and the reduction of fuel consumption by the aviation industry. It is widely believed in the shipping industry that the IMO2020 sulfur cap transition period has not yet been completed, and various related legal issues have not yet emerged. As the industry and economy recover after the outbreak, various legal issues related to the sulfur restriction order are likely to be taken into account again. This paper will combine the business practice, on the port and shipping enterprises common legal risks and countermeasures for a brief introduction. Development trend and realization path of low carbon ship energy: recent trends. LNG has obvious comprehensive advantages and has a good application prospect on both international and domestic ships. LNG will become the most important clean energy for ships in the near future. At present, the use of lithium iron phosphate battery is a more balanced technical route, and ternary lithium battery will play a role in the higher density requirements of the shipapplication field. Future trends. Hydrogen and ammonia fuels are the key development direction of future zero emission solutions.