血小板颗粒释放机制及其对标本检验前变异影响研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of platelet granule release and its effect on specimen preanalytical variation

血小板释放是指活化的血小板以分泌的形式释放其颗粒(α颗粒、致密颗粒和溶酶体颗粒)及内容物进入血浆的过程。近20年来,抗血小板药物的开发推动了血小板释放机制及其对临床标本检验前变异影响的研究。在体外,血小板释放与标本检验前变异紧密相关,因储血容器的材质及内部添加剂、剪切力、保存温度等因素可导致血小板形态改变、活化、功能障碍,从而影响其释放颗粒及内容物并导致标本检验前变异,最终影响检验结果。因此,有必要了解血小板释放对标本检验前变异的影响,提高检验结果的准确性。

Platelet release refers to the process in which activates platelets release their granules(αgranules,compact granules and lysosomal granules)and contents into plasma.Over the past 2 decades,the development of antiplatelet drug has led to advances in the study of platelet release mechanisms and their effects on preanalytical variation of clinical specimens.In vitro,platelet release is closely related to preanalytical variation of the specimen.Factors including the material of the blood storage vessel,internal additives,shear stress and storage temperature may induce platelet morphological changes,activation and dysfunction and consequently affect the release of platelet granules and contents.It will lead to preanalytical variation of specimens,and finally influence the results.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the effect of platelet release on preanalytical variation of specimens to improve the accuracy of results.