我国的牵连犯是刑法分则和司法解释规定的一罪

On the Implicated Offense in China as a Crime Stipulated in the Specific Provisions of Criminal Law and Judicial Interpretation

我国刑法通说基于“处断一罪”的观念,把“本来数罪”的牵连犯,认定为一罪,却不能提供令人信服的理由。这既违反罪刑法定原则,也不符合全面评价原则。反观德、日等国刑法典,秉持“法定一罪”理念,用总则条款明文规定牵连犯。这种模式虽有优长,但弊端也很明显,且弊大利小。我国刑法分则的一些条款和司法解释,基于行为人特定犯罪动机及其实施数罪之间的特定密切关系,列举式规定,对这样的数罪“依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚”。这种列举式规定牵连犯的模式,能使牵连犯成立要件和范围都十分明确。我国刑法理论须对标这种立法和司法解释之规定,来开展牵连犯研究,为司法适用提供操作指南。

The general theory of criminal law in China,based on the concept of“one crime in punishment”,considers the implicated crime of“original several crimes”as one crime,but it can’t offer convincing reasons.This not only violates the principle of legality of crime and punishment,but also does not accord with the principle of comprehensive evaluation.On the contrary,the criminal codes of Germany and Japan uphold the concept of“A declared guilt”and clearly stipulate in the general provisions that an implicated crime is a legal one crime.Although this model has advantages,its disadvantages are also obvious,and the disadvantages are great and the advantages are small.The provisions of the specific provisions of the criminal law and the judicial interpretation of China,based on the specific criminal motivation of the perpetrator and the specific close relationship between the execution of several crimes,enumerate the provisions,such a number of crimes“according to the provisions of heavier punishment for conviction and punishment”.This kind of pattern can make the elements and scope of the establishment of the implicated offense very clear.The theory of criminal law in China should follow the provisions of the legislation and judicial interpretation,adhere to the concept of“A declared guilt”,and carry out the research on implicated crime so as to provide operational guidelines for the judicial organs.