废旧动力电池破碎料细碎与剥粉试验研究

Experimental Research of Spent Traction Battery Broken Materials Fine Crushing and Powdering

我国新能源汽车经过近10年飞速发展,保有量已突破500万辆,首批汽车动力电池即将退役,亟需废旧动力电池回收处理工艺技术及装备。本文分析了动力电池破碎产物的物料特性及影响细碎与剥粉效率的关键因素,采用实验室型细碎机开展试验研究,考察不同转子转速、物料粒度、风机转速、转子类型及高温热解等设备和工艺参数对剥粉效果的影响。单一因素的对比试验结果表明,设备转速为3 141r/min,给料粒度为-9.5mm占91.6%,风机转速2 300r/min,活动式锤刀转子细碎后产品中-0.074mm的负累积产率最高,Co金属含量最高,细碎产品品质好,回收价值高。此外,物料在细碎前经高温热解处理,炭化脱除极片上的粘接剂,可显著提高细粒级黑粉的产率和Co金属含量。

After nearly 10 years of rapid development,the number of new energy vehicles in China has exceeded 5 million.The first batch of automobile traction batteries is about to be retired,so it is in urgent need of research on the technology and equipment to recycle spent traction batteries.This paper analyzes the material characteristics of the traction battery broken products and the key factors that influence fine crushing and powdering efficiency.The laboratory-type fine crusher is used to carry out experimental research to investigate the equipment and process parameters which affect powdering effect,such as rotor speed,material size,air blower speed,rotor type and pyrogenic decomposition.The single factor comparative test results show when the rotor speed is 3141 r/min,the feed size is-9.5 mm accounting to 91.6%,the blower speed is 2300 r/min and the movable hammer knife rotor of fine crusher,the negative cumulative yield of-0.074 mm is the highest,and the content of Co metal is the highest,fining products have good quality and high recycling value.In addition,the material is subjected to pyrogenic decomposition treatment before fine crushing to remove the adhesive on positive electrode and negative electrode plates,which can significantly improve the yield of fine-grained black powder and the content of Co metal.