黑水城出土授时历日“纪年”残页考——兼论传统历日中的“男女九宫”算法

Textual Research on the Remnant of“Chronology”in Shoushi Calendar Unearthed in Heishui City——Also on the“Nine Residence of Men and Women”Algorithm in the Traditional Calendar

《中国藏黑水城汉文文献》刊布的M1·1303[F19:W32]号文书是元代授时历日“纪年”残片,也是目前所能见到唯一保留的元代授时历日纪年实物。“男女九宫”是历日纪年中的主要内容之一,在清康熙五十六年(1717)改定算法前,传统历日中的男女九宫算法一致遵循的都是唐以来世俗通用的“三元合婚法”。依据该算法,可以推算出黑水城出土M1·1303[F19:W32]号纪年残片属于元至正十八年戊戌岁(1358)授时历日。

The document No.M1·1303[F19:W32]published in Heishui City Chinese Documents is a remnant of the“Chronology”of Shoushi calendar in the Yuan Dynasty,and it is also the remaining“Chronology”of the Shoushi calendar.“Nine Residence of Men and women”is one of the main contents of the“Chronology”in the calendar.Before the algorithm was revised in the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi Emperor(1717)of the Qing Dynasty,the algorithm of the“Nine Residence of Men and women”in the traditional calendar consistently followed the secular“three-powers marriage law”since the Tang Dynasty.Based on this algorithm,it can be deduced that the M1·1303[F19:W32]fragment unearthed in Heishui City belongs to the Shoushi calendar of the eighteen year of the Zhizheng era(1358)of the Yuan Dynasty in the Wuxu Year.