危害公共卫生犯罪的刑法规制——以《刑法修正案(十一)》为视角

The legal regime of crimes against public health:an analysis based on the Amendment to the Criminal Law(XI)

《刑法修正案(十一)》对《刑法》第330条进行修订,修订后的刑法条文吸收了《关于公安机关管辖的刑事案件立案追诉标准的规定(一)》(下文简称《规定(一)》)以及《关于依法惩治妨害新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控违法犯罪的意见》中的有关内容。修订后的妨害传染病防治罪并不排斥修订前危害公共卫生犯罪的其他相关罪名的适用。在社会“非常状态”之下贯彻“宽严相济”但总体上“依法从严”的刑事政策符合价值理性。在依法从严政策的指引下,修订后的妨害传染病防治罪并不是用“轻罪”代替“重罪”,以危险方法危害公共安全罪仍然存在适度的适用空间。此外,过失以危险方法危害公共安全罪与妨害传染病防治罪之间并非单纯的法条(包容)竞合关系,不宜否定二者构成想象竞合的可能性。

The Amendment to the Criminal Law(XI)amends Article 330 of the Criminal Law.The revision incorporates the relevant contents of the Provisions on the Criteria for Filing and Pursuing Criminal Cases under the Jurisdiction of Public Security Organs(I)(hereinafter referred to as Provisions(I))and the Opinions on Punishing Violations and Crimes that Obstruct the Prevention and Control of the COVID-19 Epidemic According to Law(hereinafter referred to as Opinions).The crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases as in the revision does not exclude the application of other related crimes that endangered public health prior to the amendment.Under“extraordinary circumstances”of society,it is in line with rationality to implement the criminal policy of“tempering justice with mercy”in combination with“strict punishment according to law”in general.In accordance with the policy of“strict punishment according to law”,the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases as in the revision is not a“misdemeanor”to replace a“felony”,and there is still a certain level of applicability for the crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means.In addition,there does not exist simple concurrence between the crime of negligently endangering public safety by dangerous means and the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases,and it is not appropriate to deny the possibility of imaginative concurrence of the two.