意在图画:《天问》“图注”之形态、特征及意义

Meaning in pictures:the form,characteristics and significance of illustrations of the Tianwen

自两汉以降,人们多将对《天问》之解释付诸文字,其著述亦呈现为“文注”形态。明人萧云从、清人门应兆将图像纳入研究视域,创造了《天问》阐释的新形态——“图注”。这种注释形态在结构上呈现为“左文右图”式样,其所绘图像多典而有据,且进行过超时空、非线性的多维缀合;在功能上,其承载着注家籍图画以知得失、明治乱的鉴戒意识,肩负着将《天问》文辞深奥意蕴予以具象化图现、文本关键情节予以孕育性描绘之任务,并与本文形成佐证、补充关系,以产生审美张力。“图注”扩大了《天问》在市民阶层与知识群体中的影响,拓展了“注骚”与“读骚”者的审美视界,丰富了中国古代经典阐释之方法,具有多方面价值。

Most researchers have put their interpretations of the Tianwen(Heavenly Questions by Qu Yuan,a poet during the Warring States Period)into words,and their writings have taken the form of textual annotations.Xiao Yuncong of the Ming Dynasty and Men Yingzhao of the Qing Dynasty brought illustrations into this field.Their formatting took the form of“texts on the left and pictures on the right”.These well-documented pictures were combined and connected in a non-linear and multi-dimensional manner that went beyond time and space.In terms of its educational significance,the illustrators were dedicated to making people understand the gains and losses,and the peace and the chaos.The illustrations enhanced the influence of Tianwen among the public and intellectual communities,expanded the aesthetic horizons of those who annotated and read the poem,and enriched the methods of interpretation of ancient Chinese classics,which proved to be a valuable asset in many aspects.