摘要
土壤真菌群落对干旱区土壤生态系统功能的维持具有重要作用。为研究新疆干旱地区柽柳沙包和非沙包土壤理化性质对土壤真菌群落结构的影响,该实验采集了塔里木河下游英苏断面附近沙包柽柳灌丛和非沙包柽柳灌丛的冠幅内部、冠幅边缘和灌丛边缘3个位置的土壤,基于高通量测序对沙包柽柳灌丛和非沙包柽柳灌丛土壤真菌群落结构及功能进行初步研究,结合土壤理化性质,分析沙包和土壤因素对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的综合影响。结果表明:(1)土壤p H、速效钾、全钾、铵态氮、速效磷在柽柳灌丛的不同位置存在显著性差异,而土壤含水量、电导率、总盐、有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮在整个柽柳灌丛中均无显著性差异。(2)该区域柽柳灌丛土壤真菌分为1界,14门,48纲,110目,227科,410属,557种。在门水平上,子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门为该区域柽柳灌丛主要的优势菌门,在属水平上,链格孢属、曲霉属、Stolonocarpus、刺盘孢属、unidentified_Saccharomycetales_sp、裸子囊菌属为柽柳灌丛的主要优势菌属。(3)通过分析土壤理化因子与土壤真菌群落的关系,发现全氮、速效钾、铵态氮是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要环境因子,全磷与曲霉属、Microthelia、裸子囊菌属、Phialosimplex均呈显著正相关关系,全氮与链格孢属呈显著正相关关系。(4)基于FUNGuild真菌功能预测,在柽柳灌丛中共检测到腐生、共生、病理3类营养型和5类互有交叉营养型功能菌群,其中腐生营养型(30.0%)功能真菌在柽柳灌丛中占据主导优势,其次是病理-腐生-共生营养型(10.6%)、病理-共生营养型(5.9%)、共生营养型(4.3%)在柽柳灌丛中占据一定的优势。(5)研究发现柽柳沙包和柽柳冠幅对土壤养分和土壤真菌的富集效应不明显,但在沙包冠幅内功能真菌与其它组存在明显差异,说明柽柳灌丛沙包和冠幅的综合效对土壤真菌功能组成有较大的影响。
The soil fungal community plays an important role in maintaining soil ecosystem functions in arid areas.In this study,we collected soil samples(i.e.,within the canopy,at the edge of the canopy,and at the edges of shrubs)from nebkhas and non-nebkhas Tamarix shrub communities at the Yingsu section of the lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang,China.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the composition and structure of the soil fungal community in these samples;the distribution of soil fungal communities in nebkhas and non-nebkhas Tamarix shrubs,as well as the comprehensive effects of nebkhas and soil factors on soil fungal communities and functions,was also determined.The following results were obtained.(1)Soil pH,available K,total K,ammonium N,and available P significantly differed according to the location of the Tamarix shrubs,but no significant differences in soil moisture,electrical conductivity,total salt,organic matter,total N,total P,and nitrate N in whole shrubs were noted.(2)The soil fungal community structure of nebkhas and non-nebkhas Tamarix shrubs showed some similarities.The soil fungi of Tamarix shrubs could be divided into 1 kingdom,14 phyla,48 classes,110 orders,227 families,410 genera,and 557 species.Species from the phyla Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota and the genera Alternaria,Aspergillus,Stolonocarpus,Colletotrichum,Unidentified_saccharomycetales_sp,and Gymnoascus clearly dominated the fungal communities observed.(3)db-RDA showed that total N,available K,and ammonium N are the main environmental factors affecting the structure of the soil fungal communities.Spearman correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between total P and Aspergillus,Microthelia,Gymnoascus,and Phialosimplex and between total N and Alternaria.(4)Function prediction using FUNGuild revealed three types of saprotrophic,symbiotrophic,and pathotrophic functional bacteria and five types of cross-trophic functional fungi in the Tamarix shrubs.Saprotrophic functional fungi dominated(30.0%)other types of fungi in these shrubs.(5)Although the enrichment effect of the nebkhas and canopy of Tamarix shrubs had no obvious effects on soil nutrients and microorganisms,significant differences in the functions of the fungi were observed.The comprehensive effect of the nebkhas and canopy of Tamarix shrubs also indicated a great impact on the functional composition of soil fungi.
作者
肖方南
姜梦
李媛媛
党寒利
彭梦文
庄丽
XIAO Fangnan;JIANG Meng;LI Yuanyuan;DANG Hanli;PENG Mengwen;ZHUANG Li(School of Life Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期759-768,共10页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金地区项目(41561010)。
关键词
高通量测序
功能基因预测
沙包
土壤真菌群落
柽柳
high throughput sequencing
functional gene prediction
nebkhas
soil fungal community
Tamarix chinensis