主观权利理论与罗马法体系

The Idea of Subjective Right and Roman Legal System

罗马法体系的核心概念,也是贯穿罗马法整体的要素,是"物(res)"和"诉(actio)"这两个概念。在罗马法体系中,没有"主观权利"概念存在的确切依据。《法学阶梯》"物"编的内容不能简单理解为各种主观权利的表达。"物权"概念的提出完全是中世纪注释法学家的杰作。《法学阶梯》的"诉"制也不是主观权利观念下的产物。"诉权"概念的提出是潘德克顿法学家的贡献。"主观权利"概念不是罗马法的真正创造,罗马法学家们从未以权利的主观功能为视角来研究权利问题。

The core concepts of the Roman legal system are also the elements that run through the Roman law.They are the two concepts of"Res"and"Actio".In the Roman legal system,there is no exact basis for the existence of the concept of"subjective rights".In the"Institute of Roman Law",the content of"Res"cannot be simply understood as the expression of various subjective rights.The concept of"property rights"is completely a masterpiece of medieval glossators.In the"Institute of Roman Law",the"Actio"system is also not a product of subjective rights.The concept of"right of action"was created by modern Pendecton jurists.The concept of"subjective rights"is not the true creation of Roman law.Roman jurists have never studied rights issues from the perspective of the subjective function of rights.