板栗‘燕山早丰’与‘燕晶’正反交后代果实性状的遗传倾向研究

Analysis of inherited tendency of fruit characteristics in F1 group of reciprocal crossing between‘Yanshanzaofeng’and‘Yanjing’in Castanea mollissima

【目的】研究板栗杂交后代果实性状的遗传倾向和杂交后代的遗传差异,提高板栗良种繁育效率。【方法】以‘燕山早丰’ב燕晶’为亲本杂交产生259个F1个体为试验材料,对2016年和2017年板栗坚果性状、栗蓬性状、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量等13个性状进行测量,并进行遗传倾向研究。【结果】坚果相关性状的研究表明:2016年和2017年的单粒质量、坚果厚、坚果高和坚果宽等性状呈正态分布趋势,且后代平均值均大于亲中值,说明存在加性效应。连续两年正反交后代单粒重性状变异系数在18.50%~20.19%,后代广泛分离,具有较高的遗传多样性,有可能选育出单粒重较大的板栗品种。坚果宽、坚果厚和坚果高等性状变异系数均小于20%,遗传传递力在98.54%~106.55%之间,说明坚果性状受环境影响较小。通过栗蓬相关性状的研究表明:连续两年正反交后代栗蓬总重性状平均值高于亲中值,正反交变异系数均大于20%,遗传传递力在112.00%~117.44%之间,能够稳定遗传,受环境影响较小。连续两年正反交后代栗蓬宽性状的超高亲率分别达到37.50%和23.96%,遗传传递力分别为112.50%和113.93%。2016年刺束长短正反交后代和2017年正交后代平均值小于亲中值,遗传传递力为90.25%、90.83%和93.66%,2016年超低亲率分别为27.08%和18.90%,刺束长短性状趋于变短。通过果实品质相关的研究表明:连续两年正反交后代淀粉相关性状变异系数的范围为7.82%~17.66%,支链淀粉含量的遗传传递力在101.11%~108.22%之间,2016年正反交后代超高亲率分别为34.38%和30.09%,均高于2017年,趋于支链淀粉含量增多。相比于2017年,2016年正反交后代可溶性糖含量遗传传递力较低,分别为64.10%和59.94%,说明遗传不稳定,受环境影响大。【结论】通过对坚果相关性状和果实品质性状遗传倾向和分离特点的研究得出,坚果相关的性状能够稳定遗传,果实品质性状遗传不稳定,受环境影响较大。该研究为今后板栗杂交育种后代的筛选和目标性状的预测提供了参考依据。

[Objective]This paper aims to improve the breeding efficiency of chestnut varieties by studying the genetic tendency and genetic differences of chestnut hybrid offspring.[Method]Using’Yanshanzaofeng’and’Yanjing’as the parental crosses,259 F1 individuals were produced as test materials.13 traits of chestnut were measured in 2016 and 2017,including nut-related traits,bur-related traits,amylose content,amylopectin content,total starch content,and soluble sugar content,and the genetic tendency research was conducted.[Result]Research on nut-related traits showed that the traits such as single nut mass,nut thickness,nut height and nut width showed a normal distribution trend,and the average value of offsprings was greater than the mid-parent value,indicating an additive effect in 2016 and 2017.The coefficient of variation of the single-nut mass traits of the offsprings of reciprocal crosses for two consecutive years was 18.5%-20.19%.The offsprings were widely separated and had high genetic diversity.It is possible to breed chestnut varieties with larger single-nut mass.The coefficient of variation of nut width,thickness and height traits were all less than 20%,and genetic transmitting ability was between98.54%-106.55%,indicating that nut traits were less affected by the environment.The research on the burrelated traits showed that the average value of the bur mass of the progeny of reciprocal crosses was higher than mid-parent value for two consecutive years,the coefficient of variation of the reciprocal crosses was greater than 20%,and the genetic transmitting ability was between 112.0%-117.44%.It can be inherited stably and was less affected by the environment.For two consecutive years,the ultra-high parent rate of the bur width in the offsprings of reciprocal crosses reached 37.50%and 23.96%,and the genetic transmitting ability was 112.50%and 113.93%,respectively.In 2016,the average value of the progeny and the orthogonal progeny in 2017 of the prickle length were less than mid-parent value,and the genetic transmitting ability was 90.25%,90.83%and 93.66%.The ultra-low parent rate in 2016 was 27.08%and18.9%,respectively.Prickle length tend to become shorter.Research on fruit quality-related traits showed that the range of the coefficient of variation of starch-related traits in the offsprings of reciprocal crosses for two consecutive years was 7.82%-17.66%,and the genetic transmitting ability of amylopectin content was between 101.11%and 108.22%.The ultra-high affinity rate of the offspring of reciprocal crosses in 2016 was higher than that in 2017,which were 34.38%and 30.09%,respectively,tending to increase the content of amylopectin.Compared with 2017,the genetic transmitting ability of soluble sugar content in the offspring of reciprocal crosses in 2016 was lower,being 64.1%and 59.94%,respectively,indicating genetic instability and greater environmental impact.[Conclusion]Through the study of the genetic tendency and segregation characteristics of these traits,it is concluded that nut-related traits can be inherited stably,and fruit quality traits are genetically unstable and are greatly affected by the environment.This research provides reference for the screening of the offspring of chestnut cross breeding and the prediction of target traits in the future.