从历史到传说:宋代割牛舌疑案的流变及成因

From History to Legend:On the Evolution and Causes of the Doubts of Cow-Tongue-Case in Song Dynasty

割牛舌案是北宋史上的真实案件,叶宾、包拯、穆衍、韩跂等人先后在不同时间、不同地点审理过相似案件。宋时该案已演变为传说,明时小说亦受相关传说影响而对割牛舌案故事有所改编,至现当代该传说仍在民间口头传播。割牛舌案经历了从历史事件向民间传说的演变过程,相关史料的有限性以及传说的迷惑性使该事件真伪难辨,生动体现了历史与传说之间的复杂关系。

The cow-tongue-case is a real case in the history of the Song Dynasty,which was carried into jurisprudence by YE Bin,BAO Zheng,MU Yan and HAN Qi successively in different times and different places.In the Song Dynasty,this case has evolved into legends,then in the Ming Dynasty,the legend of the cow-tongue-case influenced the creation of the novel,and the legend is still spread orally in modern times.The cow-tongue-case experienced a process from historical event to folklore,and the limitation of relevant historical materials and the confusion of related legends make it difficult to distinguish its truth,which vividly reflects the complex relationship between history and legend,which has certain research value.