轻质煤焦油制备航空航天燃料的工艺研究

A study on upgrading light coal tar to aerospace fuel

本研究以煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司提供的轻质煤焦油为原料,开展了提质改性制备航空航天燃料的工艺研究。针对煤焦油原料的特点,设计了一次脱硫-馏分切割-二次脱硫-加氢饱和的工艺路线。使用实验室自制的NiMoW/Al_(2)O_(3)加氢脱硫催化剂和Pd/Al_(2)O_(3)加氢饱和催化剂,通过系统实验获得了最佳工艺操作条件,其中,加氢脱硫的最佳工艺条件为300℃、5 MPa;加氢饱和的最佳工艺条件为240℃、5 MPa。经处理,油品的硫含量由323 mg/kg下降至8.5 mg/kg。原料中的苯、萘等芳烃化合物经处理转化为环烷烃。最终产物油中主要组成为环烷烃与链烷烃,含量分别为58.38%与29.65%。所制备的产品油具有高热值、低硫含量和低不饱和烃的特点,具有作为航空航天燃料应用的潜力。

In this paper,light coal tar derived from China Coal Research Institute was used as raw material to conduct a research on developing a chemical process to produce aerospace fuel.In view of the characteristics of the coal tar,a route comprising of primary desulfurization-fraction cutting-secondary desulfurization-hydrogenation saturation was designed.The optimal pressure and temperature were determined to be 5 MPa and 300℃for hydrodesulfurization on NiMoW/Al_(2)O_(3),and 5 MPa and 240℃for hydrogenation saturation on Pd/Al_(2)O_(3).After treatment,the sulfur content decreased from 323 to 8.5 mg/kg.The benzenes,naphthalenes and other aromatic compounds in the raw oil were converted into cycloalkanes.The main components of the final product were cycloalkanes and chain alkanes,and the contents were 58.38%and 29.65%respectively.The final product exhibited high heating value,low sulfur content and low unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons,which possessed great potential to be used in aerospace fuels.