氮磷钾配方施肥对凹叶厚朴低肥力区幼树生长及药用成分含量的影响

Effects of N,P and K Formula Fertilization on Growth and Medicinal Component Content of Young Trees in Low Fertility Area of Magnolia officinalis

【目的】为探究氮磷钾配方施肥对凹叶厚朴低肥力区幼树生长及药用成分含量的影响及肥料效应,推荐氮磷钾肥最优配比和施肥量。【方法】以低肥力区凹叶厚朴良种‘洪塘营7号’的幼树(5 a)为研究对象,采用“3414”施肥方案设计氮磷钾3因子配方施肥试验,对生长量和药用成分含量进行测定与统计分析,建立了树高生长量与氮磷钾肥料效应模型,采用频次分析方法优化肥料效应方程模型,得到优化施肥量。【结果】氮磷钾配方施肥能显著提高凹叶厚朴低肥力区幼树的树高和地径生长量,且不同程度的提高厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、总酚的含量。氮、磷、钾肥对树高和地径生长量的影响顺序分别是K>N>P、N>P>K,对树皮厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、总酚含量的影响顺序分别是N>P>K、N>K>P和K>P>N。氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对凹叶厚朴幼树树高的单因子影响表现出相似的效应,树高生长量分别随着施肥量的增加呈现先升后降的抛物线曲线。任意两个肥料施用量在一定范围内存在协同促进作用,当二者过量时又表现出拮抗作用。磷肥、氮肥、钾肥对树高生长量的影响为正效应。氮与磷、磷与钾之间存在正交互作用,氮与钾之间则存在负交互作用。【结论】推荐低肥力区凹叶厚朴幼树树高最大生长量的施肥量为氮肥125.44 g/株、磷肥71.13 g/株、钾肥40.22 g/株,树高最大生长量为113.56 cm;最优施肥量为:氮肥85.29~118.56 g/株、磷肥51.17~71.13 g/株、钾肥32.56~45.88 g/株,用这3种施肥量进行组合,容易获得树高的较大生长量。

【objective】It is to explore the effects of N,P,K formula fertilization on the growth and the contents of medicinal components of young trees in the low fertility area of Magnolia officinalis and the effect of fertilizer as well,and to recommend the optimal ratio and application amount of NPK.【Methods】Taking young trees(5a)of'Hongtangying No.7',a good variety in low fertility area,as the research object,the'3414'fertilization scheme was used to design the N,P and K three-factor formula fertilization experiment.The growth and medicinal composition content were measured and statistically analyzed.The tree height growth and N,P and K fertilizer effect model were established,and the frequencyanalysis method was used to optimize the fertilizer effect equation model so that the optimal fertilization amount was obtained.【Result】The N,P and K formula fertilization could significantly increase the tree height and ground diameter growth of young trees in the low fertility area,and could also increase the contents of magnolol,honokiol and total phenol in different degrees.The effects of N,P and K fertilizer on tree height and ground diameter growth were K>N>P,N>P>K,respectively.The effects of N,P and K fertilizer on honokiol,honokiol and total phenol content in bark were N>P>K,N>K>P and K>P>N,respectively.The single factor effects of N,P and K fertilizer on the tree height showed similar effects,and the tree height growth increased at first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application.The application amounts of any two fertilizers had synergistic promotion effect within a certain range,and they showed antagonism when they were excessive.The effect of P fertilizer,N fertilizer and K fertilizer on tree height growth was positive.There were a positive interactions between N and P,P and K,and negative interactions between N and K.【Conclusion】It was recommended that the application amounts of N,P and K were 125.44 g/plant,71.13 g/plant and 40.22 g/plant,respectively,and the maximum growth of tree height were 113.56 cm.The optimal fertilization amount were N 85.29-118.56 g/plant,P 51.17-71.13 g/plant and K 32.56-45.88 g/plant.The combination of these three fertilization amounts was easy to obtain larger growth of tree height.