广州市本科医学生择业倾向及重视因素分析

Analysis on the Career Orientation and Attention Factors among Medical Students in Guangzhou

目的探究广州市本科医学生的择业倾向,及其在择业时所重视的因素,进而为解决医学生就业难问题提供依据。方法在广州市5所医学院校展开问卷调查,随机抽取1750名本科医学生,使用描述性分析和秩和检验等方法进行数据分析。结果有效问卷1669份,有效率为95.3%。结果显示,选择地市三级医院作为期望单位的人数最多(26.0%);大多数人(59.7%)对就业前景持乐观态度;调查对象择业时对“工作特征与回报”维度因素最为重视,其次分别是“工作发展与潜能”“外在环境”“单位特征与发展”及“个人及家庭”;秩和检验结果显示不同性别、生源地、年级、专业和学习成绩的学生对择业重视因素的某些维度重视程度不同,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广州市本科医学生一定程度上抱有不良择业倾向,医学生对就业前景呈乐观态度,期望较高,不同特征医学生择业时重视因素有所差异。因此,应整合多方力量共同努力,优化医学生就业环境,帮助医学生树立良好择业观。

Objective To explore the orientation of career choice among medical undergraduates in Guangzhou and attention factors in their career choice,so as to provide a basis for solving the problem of difficult employment situation among medical students.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 5 medical colleges in Guangzhou,and 1750 undergraduate medical students were randomly selected.Descriptive analysis and rank sum test were used for data analysis.Results There were 1669 valid questionnaires with an effective rate of 95.3%.Results showed that the number of students who chose tertiary hospitals as the desired unit was the largest(26.0%).The majority(59.7%)were optimistic about the employment outlook.Respondents in the survey pay the most attention to the dimension of“work characteristics and rewards”,followed by“work development and potential”,“external environment”,“unit characteristics and development”,and“individuals and families”.The results of the rank-sum test showed that students of different genders,places of origin,grades,majors and academic achievements had different degrees of attention to some dimensions of factors in choosing a career,and some differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Some medical students in Guangzhou have a negative orientation to choose a career,but they are optimistic about the employment prospect and have high expectations.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate various forces and make joint efforts to optimize the employment environment for medical students and help them set up a good career outlook.