网约车改革实践如何形成渐进学习型政策变迁?——基于政策学习与社会学习的双维度分析

How to Develop an Incremental Learning-Type Policy Change in the Practice of Online Car-Hailing Reform——A dual-dimensional analysis based on policy learning and social learning

在治理和政策成为理论与现实相连接的两大议题之时,中央和地方治理主体是如何通过与市场、社会保持某种互动性学习而不断推动政策变迁的?根据网约车改革实践提出基于政策学习与社会学习双维度分析的渐进学习型政策变迁。在政策学习维度,网约车改革作为一种调适性合作机制,中央政策制定通过给予地方自主性上的“留白”空间,尊重地方意愿,撬动市场力量,凝聚民众共识,提升了政府决策能力,使得政策学习常态化,但也产生了一定的路径锁定。在社会学习维度,网约车改革作为一种策略性反馈机制,中央政策制定对平台公司既有运营模式进行重塑,地位合法化使得其行为更加规范,民众对市场更有信心,对政策更加认同,社会学习与政策学习并存成为必需。在两个学习效果测量上,基于效率水平和人本价值二维特性,政策学习在央地、央市、央社、地市、地社,社会学习在市央、社央、市地、社地、社市五大学习主体上均表现出不同的学习水平。最后指出,治理依托政策,政策反映治理,未来需要从政府与市场、社会双向互动的学习视角出发,迈向更多的渐进学习型政策变迁解释。

When governance and policy become two major issues that connect theory and reality,how do the central and local governance bodies promote policy change through some kind of interactive learning in keeping with the market and society?With regard to the practice of car-hailing reform,we put forward"an incremental learning-type policy change"based on the two-dimensional analysis of policy learning and social learning.In the dimension of policy learning,on-line car hailing reform is looked on as an adaptive cooperation mechanism.By leaving enough"blank space"in local autonomy,showing respect to local will,levering market forces and coagulating public consensus,the policy making on the part of the central government has improved its decision-making competence and normalized policy learning,but meanwhile,has produced certain path lock-in.In the social learning dimension,on-line car hailing reform is regarded as a strategic feedback mechanism.The central policy making has reshaped the existing operation mode of the platform company,legalized its status,made its behavior more standardized,and thus let the public have more confidence in the market and more recognition of the policy,and as a result,the coexistence of social learning and policy learning has become a necessity.In the measurement of the effect of the two types of learning,on account of the two-dimensional characteristics of efficiency level and human-centered value,both policy learning and social learning show different levels in five subject-object relationships,namely,the relationship between the central and local government,between the central government and the market,between the central government and society,between the local government and the market and between the local government and society,for the former,while for the latter,the relationship between the market and society,between the market and the central government,between the central government and society,between the local government and the market,and between society and the local government.Finally,it has been pointed out that governance depends on policy,and policy reflects governance and thus in the future,we need to proceed from the perspective of two-way interaction between government,market and society,towards more explanation of the incremental learning-type policy change.