从分野到共融:英国都铎时期大学治理权力的演变

From Divergence to Integration:the Evolution of the University Governance Power in the Tudor Period in England

大学治理权力的演变既是英国都铎时期教育转型的重要表征,也是君教利益博弈与权力主体关系发生剧烈变动的集中体现。欧洲大学早期的治理传统,在英国本土化的实践中表现为宗教权威与君主意志的分野,且随着宗教改革对人神关系的全新解读和君教权力的重新界定,罗马教廷的内卷发展与其失衡的权力供求成为英国大学治理中的尖锐矛盾。在君主成为英国世俗与宗教世界的唯一首脑后,大学治理二元对立的权力格局逐渐转变为王权的一元垂直治理,开启了英国大学治理近代化的先河。

The evolution of the governance power in the universities is not only an important symbol of the educational transformation in the Tudor period,but also a concentrated manifestation of the drastic changes in the relationship between the kingship and the magisterium.The early tradition of governance in European universities,in the practice of the localization of England,showed the separation of religious authority and monarchical will,and with the new interpretation of the relationship between man and God by the Protestant Reformation and the redefinition of monarchical power,the involution development of the Holy See and its unbalanced power supply and demand have become a sharp contradiction in the governance of English universities.When the monarch became the sole owner of the English secular and religious world,the power pattern of binary opposition in university governance gradually turned into a unitary vertical governance of royal power,which initiated the early modernization of university governance in England.