网络信息侵权责任的认定

The Cognizance of Tort Liability of Network Information

网络信息侵权是近年来司法实践关注的重点领域,《民法典》在个人信息保护和网络侵权责任认定也作出了较为系统的规定。与侵权责任有关的网络信息是指一种描述或记载,由网络用户通过网络服务提供者表达,体现出自然人、法人、其他组织等特定权利主体的可识别性特征以及相关联的事实、事件。网络信息的规范需要公私法协同,各国基于不同的价值目标,在规范制定中具有较为明显的区别。网络信息侵权责任需要识别侵权责任人,在实名制框架下查明虚拟主体的真实身份,确定共同侵权行为中不同主体的责任分配。网络信息侵权行为与信息在网络中的发布、转载、存储、携带、删除等密切相关,并关联到被侵权主体的具体权利。在网络信息侵权行为的责任承担中,我国采取接近欧盟GDPR中的避风港原则,在实务适用中可采取查明删除义务的具体内容并建立履行规则,同时通过严格责任来认定侵权过错。

The infringement of network information is the focus ofjudicial practice in recent years.The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China has also made more systematic provisions on the protection of personal information and the determination of network tort liability.Network information related to tort liability refers to a description or record,which is expressed by network users through network service providers,reflecting the identifiability characteristics as well as related facts and events of specific subjects of rights,such as,natural persons,legal persons,and other organizations.The regulation of network information needs the coordination of public and private law.Based on different objectives of value,different countries have obvious differences in the formulation of norms.The tort liability of network information needs to identify the tortfeasor,identify the real identity of the virtual subject under the framework of real name system,and determine the responsibility distribution of different subjects in joint tort.The infringement of network information is closely related to the release,reprint,storage,carrying and deletion of information in the network,and is related to the specific rights of the infringed subject.As for the responsibility of the infringement of network information,China adopts the safe harbor principle similar to the GDPR of EU.In practical application,we can find out the specific content of deletion obligation and establish performance rules.At the same time,we can identify the tort fault through strict liability.