论融资租赁交易的租赁物归属规则

The Ownership Rules of Lease Property in Financial Lease Transaction

《民法典》第760条规定了因承租人原因导致合同无效时的租赁物归属规则,属于新增的非基于法律行为的物权变动规则,在性质上属于形成诉权。如此规定的原因在于,融资租赁交易中的所有权已“功能化”为担保物权,作为抵押人与事实物权人的承租人,相较出租人更能发挥租赁物的实际效用。但仅凭第760条不能周延解决融资租赁物之归属的所有问题。在司法实践中,《民法典》第760条可类推适用于合同解除、合同撤销情形下融资租赁交易中租赁物所有权的确定。类推适用时,需考虑融资租赁交易双方的过错程度、信赖利益,并综合租赁物的实际使用价值进行裁量。

Article 760 of the Civil Code stipulates the attribution rules of the leased property when the contract is invalid due to the lessee. It is a new rule of real right transfer from non-legal act. It is a right of litigation in nature. Thanks to the proprietary right in financial lease has been functionalized as areal right of security, the lessee as a mortgagor and the de facto real right holder, can exert the actual effect of the leased property better than the lessor. However, Article 760 alone cannot fully resolve all issues concerning the ownership of the financial lease. When contract has cancelled or rescissed, Article 760 of the Civil Code can be applied analogously to determining the ownership of the leased property in financal lease in practice. When the analogy is applied, it is necessary to consider the degree of fault and reliance interests of both parties in financial leasing transactions, and make judgments based on the actual value of the leased property.