“稻-鱼-鸭”共生模式的技术设计与思考

Technical Design and Thinking of Rice-fish-duck Symbiosis Model

为解决稻、鱼、鸭共生的难题,提出了一种水稻种植下混养鱼鸭的技术方案,并于2019-2020年在湖南省长沙县路口镇实施。通过2年的观察发现,"稻-鱼-鸭"共生模式保证水稻生长发育的同时,也保持了鱼的水下生存环境及鸭的田间、水面活动空间;通过鱼鸭的活动及捕食,能有效防控田间病虫草害的发生,减少除草剂的施用;同时鱼鸭的粪便能够直接还田减少肥料的施用,对提高土壤养分含量、减轻农田污染有着重要作用;稻田中的深水域还有蓄水、缓解灌溉水短缺等作用。"稻-鱼-鸭"共生模式具有明显的经济效益、生态效益及社会效益。

In order to solve the problem of the symbiosis of rice,fish and ducks,a technical solution for polyculture of fish and ducks under rice planting was proposed and implemented in Lukou Town,Changsha County,Hunan Province from 2019 to 2020.Through two years of observation,it is found that the“rice-fish-duck”symbiosis model ensured the growth of rice,while also maintained the underwater living environment of fish and the field and surface activity space of ducks.Through the activities and predation of duck and fish,it could effectively prevent and control the occurrence of diseases,pests and weeds in field,and reduce the application of herbicides.At the same time,the manure of fish and ducks could be directly return to the field and reduce the application of fertilizers,which plays an important role in increasing soil nutrient content and reducing farmland pollution.The deep water area in the rice field had the function of storing water and alleviating the shortage of irrigation water.The“rice-fish-duck”symbiosis model has obvious economic,ecological and social benefits.