近三十年我国因旱临时人饮困难时空特征与对策

Countermeasures and spatio-temporal characteristics of temporary drinking difficulties due to drought in the last thirty years in China

受自然地理和人口增长等因素制约,遭遇特大干旱时,我国因旱引起临时人饮困难问题突出。根据1990—2019年全国各省份因旱临时饮水困难人口系列数据,分析了全国因旱临时饮水困难时间演变过程及空间分布特征,全国因旱临时饮水困难人口从20世纪90年代的代际平均3 226.6万人递减至21世纪第二个十年的代际平均1 462.8万人,西南和长江中下游地区因旱临时饮水困难人口占全国因旱临时饮水困难人口总数的52%。提出了制定因旱人饮供水保障方案、因旱人饮水源工程建设及管理体制机制对策,为政府部门制定人饮安全战略提供参考。

The problem of temporary drinking difficulties due to drought in China is very prominent in case of severe drought,based on population growth factors.The paper analyzed the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of temporary drinking water difficulty due to drought by the series data of temporary drinking water difficulty due to drought in every province,from 1990 to 2019.Population with temporary drinking water difficulties due to drought is 32.27 million in the 1990s,and decrement to 14.63 million in the second decade of the 21th century.The Population with temporary drinking water difficulties due to drought in the southwest China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River accounts for 52%of the total amount.Countermeasures have been put forward that formulate the guarantee scheme for drinking water supply due to drought,water source engineering construction and management system and mechanism.It can provide the reference for government departments formulate human drink safety strategy.