新词语的生命力因子及词汇化趋势预测

On Vitality Factors of New Words and Prediction of Lexicalization Trend

新词语演变预测对新词语的实时监测和语言规范研究具有重要价值。基于成词路径和造词方式,把新词语划分为特指型、隐喻型、摹音型和简缩型等四种主要类型。通过观测以上四类新词语的共时流通度和传播度,归纳出热议度、陌生化、形象感和衍生力等四个影响其活跃度和生命力的共性因子,并以四个因子维度来综合赋分,形成生命力雷达图,从而预测各类新词语的词汇化趋势,以期为新词语的研究提供新视角。

The prediction of neologisms evolution is of great value to the real-time monitoring of neologisms and the study of language norms.Based on the way of word formation and the way of word formation,new words are divided into four main types:special reference type,metaphorical type,phonetic type and contractive type.By observing the synchronic circulation and spread of the above four kinds of new words,this paper sums up four common factors that affect their activity and vitality,such as popularity,defamiliarization,sense of image and derivative force.Based on this,the paper predicts the lexicalization trend of all kinds of new words,in order to provide a new perspective for the study of new words.