单胃动物肠道气体的代谢、生理功能及营养调控

Metabolism,Physiological Function and Nutritional Regulation of Intestinal Gases in Monogastric Animals

单胃动物肠道内的气体主要来自微生物发酵过程,主要包括氢气、二氧化碳、硫化氢和甲烷等。虽然大量研究已证明一些微生物代谢产物,如短链脂肪酸在介导机体代谢和健康等方面有重要作用,但作为另一大类微生物代谢产物,肠道气体与膳食/饲粮营养物质代谢和宿主生理功能的关系一直被忽视。肠道气体的组成、分布及其对膳食/饲粮结构变化的响应,可以在一定程度上反映肠道微生物活性和机体健康状态。本文系统综述了单胃动物肠道气体的代谢过程、生物学特性、检测方法、营养调控等方面的研究现状,探讨了不同种类肠道气体与机体健康的关系,讨论了肠道气体作为生物标记物判断微生物功能和活性的可行性,为更好地理解肠道微生物与养分的互作机制、提高单胃动物饲料利用率、降低规模化养殖过程的废弃物排放、促进精准营养手段的研发提供新思路。

The gases,including hydrogen,carbon dioxide,hydrogen sulfide and methane,in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals are mainly originated from microbial fermentation.Although a large number of studies have shown that some microbial metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids,play an important role in mediating the metabolism and health of host,the relationship between intestinal gases,another major class of microbial metabolites,and the metabolism of dietary nutrients and physiological function of host has been ignored for a long time.To a certain extent,the composition and distribution of intestinal gases and their response to the alterations of food/diet may reflect the activity of intestinal microbes and the health of host.Here we systematically review the metabolic process,biological characteristics,detection methods and nutritional regulation of intestinal gases in monogastric animals.The relationship between different intestinal gases and the health of host,as well as the feasibility of intestinal gases as biomarkers to determine the function and activity of gut microbes is also discussed.Our review provides new ideas for a better understanding of the interaction between gut microbes and dietary nutrients,improving the utilization rate of feed in monogastric animals,reducing the waste emissions in intensive livestock farming,and promoting the development of precise nutrition in animals.