反刍动物肠道菌群与宿主肠道黏膜免疫互作及其调控研究进展

Recent Advances on Interaction and Regulation between Intestinal Microflora and Host Mucosal Immune System of Ruminants

反刍动物肠道中大量的微生物相互作用从而实现对饲料养分的高效利用。正常稳定的肠道菌群是机体健康的重要保证,在促进肠道形态结构发育、维持正常免疫功能及抵御外源致病因子侵袭等方面发挥着重要作用。然而由于家畜品种、养殖环境、饲料来源及生产目标的复杂性,一定程度上限制了反刍动物肠道微生物组与免疫调控方面的研究,尤其是基于外源措施调控肠道菌群以改善机体免疫的相关研究略显滞后。众所周知,反刍动物是由宿主机体和共栖微生物构成的“共生总体”,其表型性状受自身基因的调控,又受“宿主第二基因组”消化道微生物的影响。因此,本文重点综述了近年来反刍动物肠道菌群在维持宿主肠道黏膜免疫屏障完整性、参与Toll样受体(TLRs)识别和促进免疫细胞分化等方面的相关研究;同时,基于肠道菌群外源调控措施对肠道免疫功能的不同作用,重点讨论了益生菌和益生元靶向干预调控反刍动物肠道免疫功能相关进展,旨在为反刍动物肠道菌群与宿主肠道黏膜免疫互作机制的深入研究以及为畜牧业减抗、绿色、安全养殖提供支撑。

A large number of microorganisms interact with each other in ruminant intestines to realize the efficient utilization of feed nutrients.Normal and stable intestinal flora is an important guarantee for the health of the body,which play important roles on promote the development of intestinal morphology and structure,maintain normal immune function and resistance to exogenous pathogenic factors and so on.However,due to the complexity of livestock species,breeding environment,feed source and production target,it limits the research of ruminant intestinal microbiome and immune regulation to some extent,especially of the research on the regulation of intestinal flora to improve immunity based on exogenous measures is lagging behind.As everyone knows,ruminants are a“symbiotic population”composed of host organism and symbiotic microorganisms,its phenotypic traits are regulated by its own genes,also affected by“host second genome”digestive tract microorganisms.Therefore,this paper reviewed the related research results in recent years about the important role of ruminant intestinal bacteria in maintaining the integrity of host intestinal mucosal barrier,participating in Toll-like receptors(TLRs)recognition and promoting the development and differentiation of immune cells.Meanwhile,based on the different effects of exogenous regulation measures of intestinal flora on intestinal immune function,this paper summarized the related progress of probiotics and prebiotics targeted intervention to regulate the intestinal immune function of ruminants,so as to establish the references for intensive study in the interaction between intestinal bacteria and host intestinal immunity and provide scientific basis for the establishment of system in reducing antibiotics,green and healthy breeding of ruminants.