康德批判哲学的“直观”与“直觉”解读--基于《纯粹理性批判》的文本分析

The Interpretation of“Anschauung”and“Intuition”in Kant’s Critical Philosophy--A Textual Analysis Based on the Kritik der reinen Vernunft

在《纯粹理性批判》中,康德在表示“直观”相关的意思时,使用了两种不同表达,即“Anschauung”和“intuitiv”,部分学者在理解上将二者理解为同义,即“intuitiv”作为“Anschauung”的形容词形式,表示“直观的”。从历史思想逻辑角度,并结合文本和词源相结合的方法可以得出这样的结论:在《纯粹理性批判》中关于“直观(Anschauung)”与“直觉的(intuitiv)”是有明确的区别和指向的,前者指代先验哲学的“感性直观”,后者指向未经批判的近代认识论的“理智直观”。只有在这种严格意义上的区分中,康德的“直观”概念的思想内涵才能得以理解,从而才能更清晰、更深刻地把握康德批判哲学的历史内涵和时代意义。

In the Kritik der reinen Vernunft,Kant used two different terms to express the meaning of intuition,that is Anschauung and intuitiv.Some scholars understand them together,viewing that intuitiv is merely the adjective form of Anschauung.But actually this kind of understanding is indefensible The differences between Anschauung and intuitiv is absolutely confirmed,both from the meaning expressed textually and from the ideas inherited etymologically.This paper tries to point out that the two terms that Kant used in the Kritik der reinen Vernunft express different meanings,and have their own referents.The former refers to the sensory intuition of Kant’s philosophy,the latter refers to the intellectual intuition of Modern Epistemology which has not been criticized.Only by this,could Kant’s ideas of intuition be clarified,and could we better understand the historical importance of Kant’s revolution in metaphysics.