中南半岛五国水资源分区研究

Study on water resources zoning of five countries in Indo-China Peninsula

在全球变化与"一带一路"倡议的背景下,中南半岛水资源及未来社会不同情景下的水资源特征广受关注,但该区域缺乏基础的水资源系统性研究,急需开展相应的工作。本文通过对前人研究的梳理与总结,利用基于GIS的流域地形划分方法对中南半岛水资源进行分区。研究结果表明:(1)中南半岛水资源区可划分为7个水资源一级区、17个水资源二级区和138个水资源三级区。其中7个水资源一级区均为国际流域,中南半岛流域管理需要各国的协力配合与统筹规划。(2)水资源三级分区中山区单元有87个,面积约为115.412万km^(2),占陆地总面积的60%。平原单元51个,面积约为77.915万km^(2),占陆地总面积的40%。山区与平原面积之比为1.48,山区单元主要集中在流域的中上游,平原单元主要集中在流域下游以及沿海地区。研究结果可以服务于中南半岛五国水资源评价与水资源开发利用,为区域内国际河流的科学调控与利益共享提供有效参考。

Indo-China Peninsula, located in the southeast tip of the Eurasian continent, is one of the three major peninsulas in southern Asia. Five countries in the Indo-China Peninsula in this article refer to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, lying between 92° 0’-109°30’ east longitude and 5°30’-28°30’ north latitude. The region is adjacent to the Andaman Sea to the west, Malay Peninsula to the south, South China Sea to the east and Chinese mainland to the north, covering a total land area of about 1938700 km^(2). Under the background of global change and the Belt and Road Initiative, the characteristics of water resources in the Indo-China Peninsula and different scenarios of socio-economic development in the future have aroused great concern. However, there have been relatively few systematic studies on water resources in this region, thus there are urgent needs to carry out related work. Through combing and summarizing previous studies, we used the GIS-based watershed topography division method to partition the water resources in the Indo-China Peninsula. The three-level divisions of water resources took into account the distribution of river systems and topographical factors, which reflected the characteristics of water resources in the five countries. The results illustrated that the water resources area of the peninsula can be divided into 7 first-level water resources zones, 17 second-level water resources zones and 138 thirdlevel water resources zones. Seven first-level water resources zones were international basins,and the basin management of the peninsula needs cooperation and overall planning of all the countries. There were 87 mountainous units in the three-level water resources zones, with an area of about 1154120 km^(2), accounting for 60% of the total land area. There were 51 plain units with an area of about 779150 km^(2), accounting for 40% of the total land area. The ratio of mountainous area to plain area is 1.48, the mountainous area units were mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of the basin, while the plain units were mainly concentrated in the lower reaches of the basin and coastal areas. The results will serve the evaluation and utilization of water resources in the five countries of the Indo-China Peninsula, and provide an effective reference for scientific regulation and benefit sharing of international rivers in this region.