近40a黄河流域国土空间格局变化特征与形成机理

Change characteristics and formation mechanism of the territorial spatial pattern in the Yellow River Basin from 1980 to 2018, China

科学认知黄河流域国土空间格局变化过程与影响因素,是构建可持续国土空间开发保护格局,实现黄河流域高质量发展的迫切需要。本文采用国土空间转移矩阵、标准差椭圆和地理探测器方法,研究1980—2018年黄河流域国土空间格局变化特征与形成机理。研究表明:(1)近40a黄河流域国土空间具有明显的水平地域差异和垂直梯度分异特征,生产空间持续减小,生活空间不断扩大,生态空间占绝对主体地位,但呈现波动变化态势。(2)黄河流域国土空间格局变化逐渐加快,地区差异性和空间指向性更加明显。农业生产空间减小地区与林地、草地和其他生态空间增加地区具有空间协同关系。(3)年平均气温对生产空间的影响程度显著增强,海拔高度对生活空间和生态空间的约束作用逐渐增强;人口密度和固定资产投资规模对生产空间和生活空间演化影响广泛,城镇化率和生态环境保护政策对生态空间演化影响深刻。(4)黄河流域宏观的自然本底是当前国土空间开发保护格局形成的重要地理基础;城镇化、工业化及生态保护与建设政策是国土空间格局演化的关键动力,加速了黄河流域国土空间格局变化进程;各自然因子与人文因子交互作用对国土空间格局演化具有非线性增强效应和双因子增强效应。

Scientifically recognizing the change process and influencing factors of the territorial spatial pattern in the Yellow River Basin is an urgent need to build a sustainable territorial spatial development and protection pattern and achieve high-quality development in this area. Based on the methods of territorial spatial transfer matrix, standard deviational ellipse and geographical detector, this paper studies the change characteristics and the formation mechanism of the territorial spatial pattern of the Yellow River Basin from 1980 to 2018. The results show that:(1) In the past 40 years, the territorial space of the study area features obvious horizontal regional differences and vertical gradient differentiations;with the continuing decrease of production space and expansion of living space, the ecological space has occupied the absolute dominant position, but with a fluctuating trend.(2) The changes in the territorial spatial pattern of the basin have gradually accelerated, and regional differences and spatial orientations have become more prominent. There is spatial synergy between the areas with reduced agricultural production space and the areas with increased forest land, grassland and other ecological space.(3) The influence of annual average temperature on production space has significantly improved, and the restraining effect of altitude on living space and ecological space has gradually strengthened;the population density and the investment scale of fixed assets have wide impact on the evolution of production and living space pattern, and the urbanization rate and ecological environment protection policies have profound impact on the evolution of ecological space.(4) The natural backgrounds of the Yellow River Basin are important geographical bases for the formation of current territorial spatial development and protection pattern;the urbanization, the industrialization and the ecological protection and construction policies are the key driving forces for the change of territorial spatial patterns,which have accelerated the change process of territorial spatial pattern in the basin;the interaction of natural and human factors has significant non-linear enhancement effect and bifactor enhancement effect on the evolution of the territorial spatial pattern.