不同优质黄脚麻羽肉鸡杂交配套组合研究

Selection of Cross-combination of Different High-quality Partridge Chickens with Yellow Shanks

为培育适合市场需求的优质黄脚麻羽肉鸡,通过比较112日龄的5个配套组合(M3M1B、M3CB、M3BD、M3CD、M3M1D)的生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、鸡冠高度、厚度和鸡距长度,初步筛选优质黄脚麻羽肉鸡配套组合。研究结果表明,5个配套组合公、母鸡基本都符合黄脚麻羽鸡体型外貌特征需求。M3M1B公、母鸡的成活率和出栏体重相对较高;M3M1B公、母鸡的料肉比相对较低。M3M1B公、母鸡全净膛率显著高于M3CD、M3M1D。M3M1B公鸡的胸肌率显著高于其他4个组合公鸡;M3M1B公、母鸡的腿肌率显著高于其他组合;M3M1B公母鸡腹脂率显著低于其他组合。M3M1B系水力显著高于其他4个组合,M3M1B组合剪切力显著低于M3BD、M3CD、M3M1D。M3M1B组合公、母鸡的冠高显著高于M3CB、M3BD、M3CD。M3M1B组合公、母鸡的冠厚显著高于M3CB和M3BD。M3M1B的鸡距长度显著大于M3CB、M3BD、M3CD。通过5个配套组合的比较,M3M1B的成活率、112日龄体重和料肉比相对较好,M3M1B全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率较高,屠宰性能较好,肉品质优良,公鸡鸡冠较大、鸡距较长,M3M1B体型外貌符合目标和市场要求,饲料报酬好,生长速度理想。综合可知,M3M1B(M3♂×(M1♂×B♀)♀)为五个组合中的最佳杂交配套组合,该配套组合在一定程度上能够满足生产者和消费者对外貌特征、生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的要求,适宜于目标市场。

In order to cultivate high-quality partridge broilers suitable for market demand, five crossbreeding combinations(M3 M1 B, M3 CB, M3 BD, M3 CD, M3 M1 D) were initially screened by comparing the production performance,slaughter performance, meat quality and comb height, thickness and spur distance at 112 days of age, and preliminary select the best combination. The results showed that the appearance characteristics of male and female chicken of thefive cross-combination basically corresponded the requirement of partridge chicken with yellow shanks. The survivalrate and body weight of M3 M1 B males and females were relatively high. The feed ratio of M3 M1 B males and femaleswas relatively low. M3 M1 B males and females had a significantly higher all evisceration rate than that of M3 CD andM3 M1 D. The pectoral muscle rate of M3 M1 B males was significantly higher than that of other four male combinations.The leg muscle ratio of M3 M1 B males and females was significantly higher than that of other combinations. The abdominalfat percentage of M3 M1 B males and females was significantly lower than that of other combinations. The hydraulic powerof the M3 M1 B was significantly higher than that of other four combinations, and the shear force of the M3 M1 B wassignificantly lower than that of M3 CD and M3 M1 D. The comb height of M3 M1 B males and females was significantlyhigher than those of M3 CB, M3 BD, M3 CD. The comb thickness of M3 M1 B males and females were higher than thatof M3 CB and M3 BD. The spur length of M3 M1 B was significantly longer than that of M3 CB, M3 BD and M3 CD. Throughthe comparison of the five combinations, the survival rate of M3 M1 B, 112-day-old body weight and feed-to-meat ratiowere relatively good. The all evisceration rate, pectoral muscle rate, leg muscle rate of M3 M1 B were higher, and it hadgood slaughter performance. The meat quality of M3 M1 B was good. The male of M3 M1 B had a larger comb and longer spur.The appearance of M3 M1 B met the breeding target and market requirements, and the feed was well paid, while thegrowth rate was ideal. It was preliminary determined that M3 M1 B(M3♂ ×(M1♂ ×B♀)♀) was the best combination,which would lay the foundation for the cultivation of new lines of high-quality partridge broilers. To a certain extent,this combination could meet the requirements of consumers for appearance characteristics, growth performance, slaughterperformance and meat quality, thus being suitable for the target market.