孔府馆藏民国档案新见地方“庙产兴学”与文庙庙产纠纷问题探赜——兼论文庙保护及祀孔重要性的历史阐释

Confucius Mansion Archives on Disputes over Confucian Temple Property and an Historical Interpretation of the Importance of Protecting Confucian Temples and Confucius Ceremonies

文庙"庙产兴学"是民国时期特有的社会现象,究其根本,是为儒家文化丧失其在意识形态的主导地位所致。虽然制度化儒学在民国时期宣告解体,但是以儒家文化为核心的文化网络依旧有着巨大影响力,政府高层希望文庙"庙产兴学"能够合法合理地,而非激进革命地进行。尽管民国政府高层多次强调要注重文庙保护,但是地方政权以兴学之名侵占文庙庙产之风气仍旧呈现愈演愈烈的趋势,具体而言,县知事和县教育机构是推动文庙"庙产兴学"的主要力量。孔教会、孔氏族人及绅董据理力争,通过多种途径保护文庙庙产,不过在那个急功近利,崇尚革命的时代,尊孔派一些正确的言行常常被无视和否定,各地文庙庙产并未得到切实保护。

Using Confucian temple property for educational undertakings was a special social phenomenon in the Republic of China period. The root cause lied in the fact that Confucianism had lost its ideological dominance. Institutionalized Confucianism disintegrated during this period, but a cultural network with Confucian culture at its core remained enormously influential. Senior government officials hoped that the transform of Confucian temple property for educational undertakings would take place in a legal and reasonable way, rather than radically. Although senior officials of the central government repeatedly called for the protection of Confucian temples, local governments were increasingly occupying Confucian temples in the name of "education". Countylevel magistrates and educational authorities were the main driving force in such a campaign. Confucian societies, the clansman of Kong and the gentry class took measures to protect the property of Confucian temples. However, in a time that favoured quick profits and revolution, positive and justified views of those who supported Confucianism were often ignored and rejected, and Confucian temples around the country had not been duly protected.