基于模糊综合评价法的城市老旧住区环境生态性能研究——以上海3个住区为例

The Ecological Performance of the External Environment of Urban Old Residential Areas Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method:Taking Three Old Residential Areas in Shanghai as Examples

生态性能是体现住区环境质量的重要方面。量大面广的城市老旧住区环境存在生态受损和退化现象,无法满足健康舒适生活,生态修复需求迫切,但目前尚缺乏有效的、可定量化操作的老旧住区生态性能评价体系。本文初步构建了包含14项定量指标和12项定性指标老旧住区环境生态性能评价体系,借用层次分析法确定各评价类型、评价指标的权重。以上海3个老旧住区为例,通过定点实测、数值模拟和问卷调查等方式获取住区环境数据和居民主观评价,应用模糊综合评价方法,进行赋值加权计算,对老旧住区的绿化环境、水体环境、物理环境、道路交通、空间环境及废弃物排放等6个方面形成系统梳理和定量评价。本文建立的城市老旧住区环境生态性能模糊综合评价体系为不同住区的生态性能比较研究提供平台,有助于特定老旧住区环境生态问题的分析与排序,从而为老旧住区制定生态修复策略提供依据。

The ecological performance evaluation system of external environmental in the old residential areas was preliminarily constructed in this paper,including 14 quantitative indexes and 12 qualitative indexes.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was adopted to determine the weights of evaluation types and indicators.Taking three old residential areas in Shanghai as an example,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to obtain the environmental data and the subjective evaluation of the residents through the fixed-point measurement,numerical simulation and questionnaire survey.By using the weighted calculation,the six aspects of green environment,water environment,physical environment,road traffic,spatial environment and waste discharge of old residential area were systematically classified and quantitatively evaluated.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system established in this paper provided a platform for the comparative study of the ecological performance of different residential areas,which was also helpful for the analysis and sequencing of the ecological problems of specific old residential areas,thereby providing a basis for the formulation of ecological restoration strategies for old residential areas.