语言加工过程中的观点采择及其认知机制

Perspective taking and its cognitive mechanism in language processing

观点采择是指个体从他人或他人所处情境出发,想象或推测他人观点与态度的心理过程。对相关研究综述发现:(1)观点采择是否存在自我中心偏向依然存在争论;(2)观点采择自我中心偏向不是始终存在的,其原因可能是个体受到时间压力和特定类型任务的要求;(3)他人存在影响观点采择自我中心偏向,并且这种影响是自动化的,不受任务类型的影响;(4)观点采择的认知机制主要包括交互对齐、记忆提取和概率计算。未来研究需要:(1)整合已实现的计算模型;(2)进一步探究观点采择能力与心理理论的关系;(3)探究观点采择中私有信息的作用;(4)提高观点采择研究的生态效度;(5)采用不同的技术手段进行汇聚性验证。

Perspective taking refers to the mental process in which an individual image or speculates the views and attitudes of others from the perspective of others or their situation.A review of relevant studies found that:(1)Whether there is egocentrism bias in perspective taking is still controversial;(2)The egocentrism bias of perspective taking does not always exist,which may be due to the time pressure and the requirement of specific types of tasks;(3)The presence of others affects the egocentrism of perspective taking,and the effect is automatic and independent of task type;(4)The cognitive mechanism of perspective taking mainly includes interactive alignment,memory extraction and probability calculation.Future research needs:(1)Integration of the existing computational models;(2)To further explore the relationship between perspective taking ability and Theory of Mind;(3)Explore the role of private information in the perspective taking;(4)To improve the ecological validity of opinion selection research;(5)Using different technical means for convergence verification.