桂林八景的景观语言分析

Landscape vocabulary analysis of Guilin Eight Scenic Spots

八景作为地域文化景观研究的重要样本,一直是风景园林历史与理论领域重点研究对象之一。桂林八景是喀斯特特色的地域性文化生态系统,也是诗意山水与历史文化名城的重要外显内容,在地方八景文化中具有一定代表性。结合景观语言体系,采用类型学和图底分析法,从"景名+诗+画"对桂林元、清两代八景进行全景式解构,分析八景景观语言的构建方式与语言特色,得出结论如下:(1)由包含7类景观元素的字、13种不同元素组合形式的词、16组反映景观空间特征的句与2种不同时空背景的段依次耦合嵌套构成的八景景观语汇诠释了山水意境的组构过程;(2)八景景观语汇中蕴含了点面相称、虚实结合、文景相应、时空交错的语法规则;(3)桂林八景景观语言以山水自然为基本词汇,以人文历史为时空坐标,以诗画意境为审美要义,是"山-川-物-人"的统一体。本文系统分析了地方八景的建构方法、过程及营景特色,有利于推动地域性文化景观的保护与传承,对山水人居环境建设具有指导意义。

As an important sample in regional cultural landscape research,Eight Scenic Spots are the key objects of landscape architecture.As a cultural ecosystem with karst characteristics,they are also the outward manifestation of poetic landscape and historical city,representing regional culture.Referring to landscape vocabulary system,by typology and figure-ground methods,and entirely deconstructing from natural landscapes,poems and pictures,the construction methods and features of Eight Scenic Spots landscape vocabular are andlyzed.There are following conclusions.(1)The landscape vocabulary system consists of words,containing 7 types of landscape elements,phrases,possessing 13 different combinations of elements,sentences,including 16 groups of landscape space and poetic and artistic painting conception,and passages,representing 2 different spacetime backgrounds,interpreting the constitutive course of landscape artistic conception.(2)The grammar of Guilin Eight Scenic Spots includs integrating point and sphere,combination of virtual and reality,coordinating landscape and poem,and intersecting of time and space.(3)In Guilin Eight Scenic Spots landscape,nature is the basic vocabulary.Human history is the space-time coordinate,poem and painting artistic conception as the aesthetic essence.By analyzing the construction method,process and characteristics of the local spots,this paper systematically promotes the protection and inheritance of regional cultural landscape,and provides certain reference to the construction of human settlement.