从自然到政治的进阶——论阿兰·布鲁姆的美育观

From Nature to Politics: On Allan Bloom s View of Aesthetic Education

阿兰·布鲁姆对当下大学教育的现状持批判态度,并从自然科学对人文社科的渗透以及人文社科自身产生的问题两个方面,深入剖析产生教育危机的原因,由此返归古典主义的经典著作,提倡关注人性真理的审美教育。布鲁姆通过绎读卢梭、莎士比亚和柏拉图,具体地论述了审美教育中从自然到理性的升华过程,这一过程由自然中的激情开始,对之进行理性引导却并不将之排除,并且理性已内在地包含于自然中,而非与自然割裂开来。通过审美教育,最终既达至个人的整全,又在个人参与政治生活的实践中塑造真正的共同体,实现从自然到政治的进阶。

Allan Bloom holds a critical attitude towards the current situation of university education,and deeply analyzes the causes of educational crisis from two aspects:the penetration of natural science into the humanities and social sciences and the problems of humanities and social sciences themselves.Thus,he returns to the classical works of classicism and advocates aesthetic education focusing on the truth of human nature.Through reading and explaining Rousseau,Shakespeare and Plato,he specifically discusses the sublimation from nature to reason in aesthetic education.This process starts from the passion in nature,guides it rationally rather than excludes it.Rationality is inherently contained in nature instead of separated from nature.Through aesthetic education,we can not only achieve the integrity of the individual,but also shape the real community in the practice of personal participation in political life,so as to realize the advancement from nature to politics.