湘西民居传统聚落防御设计研究

Study on the Defense Design of Traditional Settlement in western Hunan

受凤凰军事防御体系和苗疆文化的共同影响,湘西传统聚落的设计营建体现了较强的聚落防御特点。本文以凤凰县拉毫村为例,在实地调研的基础上,通过对其选址规划、村落布局、建筑特色和精神文化进行分析研究,指出拉毫村在实体防御设计上采用了"自然防御—寨墙外围防御—村内防御—民居防御"的防御体系,精神防御设计体现在其宗教信仰和民俗文化方面。通过研究湘西民居传统聚落防御设计,以期为凤凰军事防御体系和苗疆文化共同影响下的湘西传统聚落的保护和未来发展提供理论参考和借鉴。

Influenced by Fenghuang military defense system and Miao culture, the design and construction of traditional settlements in Western Hunan reflect strong characteristics of settlement defense. Taking Lahao village in Fenghuang County as an example, based on the field investigation, through the analysis and research on the site selection planning, village layout, architectural characteristics and spiritual culture of the settlement, this paper points out that the physical defense design of Lahao village adopts the defense system of "natural defense-house wall peripheral defense-village defense-residential defense" The spiritual defense design of Lahao village is reflected in its religious belief and folk culture. This paper studies the defense design of traditional settlements in Western Hunan, in order to provide theoretical reference for the protection and future development of traditional settlements in western Hunan under the joint influence of Fenghuang military defense system and Miao culture.