金属材料的强韧化

STRENGTHENING AND TOUGHENING OF METALS AND ALLOYS

本文主要综述了金属材料的传统强化手段,包括固溶强化、析出强化、相变强化和细晶强化等,但传统强化手段大都以牺牲塑性为代价。非均匀异构金属由于应变梯度效应和背应力硬化能够实现强韧化,成为目前金属结构材料研究的热点。本文对异构金属进行简单的介绍,对金属材料的发展进行了讨论与展望。

In this paper,the traditional strengthening methods,such as the solution strengthening,the precipitation strengthening,the transformation strengthening and the grain refinement strengthening,are briefly reviewed.It is shown that an increase in strength is generally accompanied with a sacrifice of ductility in these traditional methods.Metals and alloys with heterogeneous structures have drawn a great deal of attentions recently,because of their excellent synergy of strength and ductility due to the strain gradient effect and the back stress hardening.The recent progresses in the metals and alloys with heterogeneous structures are briefly reviewed,and the perspectives of the structure applications of metals and alloys are provided.