黄山市传统村落的空间分布特征及其影响因素分析

Spatial Distribution Features and Affecting Factors of Traditional Villages in Huangshan City

以黄山市271个传统村落为研究对象,借助GIS和SPSS分析传统村落空间分布特征及其空间分异因素。结果表明:黄山市传统村落在空间上呈凝聚型分布,形成歙县和黟县两个高密度分布区,黄山市传统村落整体呈现出“中心密集,四周稀疏”分布特征,各地区差异较大。进一步对影响因素进行定量化分析,得出以下结论:1)黄山市的传统村落在地势平坦、距离水系更近、交通条件发达的地区分布更密集。2)自然条件中,对黄山市传统村落分布的影响程度,交通条件大于高程和水系。3)在经济欠发达地区,如歙县和黟县,村落的分布数量偏多,人口也相对更加密集。4)经济社会因素中,黄山市传统村落的分布对人口密度的影响程度,大于对人均GDP以及GDP总量。5)生态环境和传统村落分布呈现负相关性。通过以上研究,可为今后黄山传统村落的优化布局和保护传承提供参考和建议,同时丰富传统聚落的研究成果。

Based on the research objects of 271 traditional villages in Huangshan City the paper analyzes their spatial distribution features and spatial variation factors by using GIS and SPSS.It is found that the traditional villages in Huangshan City are of condensed type in space with two high-density distribution areas of Shexia County and Yixian County and so the overall presentation here is characterized by the distribution features of“dense center and sparse surroundings”with great differences among different regions.At the same time,further quantitative analysis of the affecting factors is carried out,and the result shows that 1)the traditional villages in Huangshan are more densely distributed in areas with flat terrain,closer distance to water system and developed traffic conditions;2)in natural conditions,the traffic has greater impact on the distribution of traditional villages in Huangshan City than the geographic elevation and the water system,while the water system has the least impact;3)in the underdeveloped regions like Shexian County and Yixian County,the number of traditional village distribution is larger and the population is also relatively denser;4)in terms of the economic and social factors,the distribution of traditional villages in Huangshan City has more influence on the population density than that on either the per capita GDP or the total GDP;5)the ecological environment is negatively correlated with traditional village distribution.The above research would provide more references and suggestions for the layout optimization and the protective inheritance of traditional villages of Huangshan City in the future,and also enriches research findings of traditional settlement.