论我国公民受教育权的刑法保护——兼评《刑法修正案(十一)》第32条

On the Criminal Protection of the Right to Education of Chinese Citizens——With a Review on Article 32 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅺ)

《刑法修正案(十一)》以负责任的态度回应了公民教育领域的制度需求,通过第32条补充了我国公民受教育权的刑法保护条款。当前,通过内部处分、行政处罚、经济赔偿或补偿为主的法律责任承担方式,仍不足以阻却相关主体侵犯公民受教育权的违法犯罪行为。刑法"二次保护法"的角色定位是导致刑法无法有效介入公民受教育权领域的观念障碍。受教育权法益与现有罪名所保护的法益之相当性是刑法发挥"最后手段法"功能介入教育权纠纷的正当性根据。在《刑法修正案(十一)》第32条的基础上,建议进一步明确前置法并完善针对受教育权的责任条款;突破刑法对受教育权保护的谦抑观念;适时扩充《刑法修正案(十一)》第32条的行为类型。

Criminal Law Amendment(11)responsibly responds to the institutional needs of civic education, and supplements the criminal law protection clause of citizens’ right to education through Article 32.At present, it is not enough to prevent the related subjects from violating the citizens’ right to education by taking legal responsibility mainly through internal punishment, administrative punishment, and economic compensation.The role of"secondary protection law"in criminal law is the conceptual obstacle that leads to the criminal law’s inability to effectively intervene in the field of citizens’ right to education.The equivalence between the legal interests of the right to education and the ones protected by the existing charges is the legitimate basis for the criminal law to play the function of"last resort law"to intervene in the disputes over the right to education.On the basis of Article 32 of the Criminal Law Amendment(11),it is suggested to further clarify the prepositional law and improve the liability provisions for the right to education;break through the modest view of criminal law on the protection of the right to education;and timely expand the behavior types of Article 32 provided in the Criminal Law Amendment(11).