世贸组织改革涉及的国有企业议题研究

Research on the Issues of State-Owned Enterprises Involved in WTO Reform

国有企业议题成为世贸组织改革的重点议题。文章结合国有企业的中国特色,对国有企业议题谈判进行分析。从现实看,主要发达经济体成员力推国有企业议题谈判,美欧日联合声明进一步充实国有企业议题规则。从历史看,国有企业议题在多边谈判中有不同表现形式,"公共机构"是国有企业议题谈判的关键。在此基础上,文章提出中国需要谨慎应对国有企业议题谈判形成实质性多边规则、努力将国有企业议题谈判限定在可控范围、基于竞争中立原则开展国有企业议题谈判等政策建议,认为中国促使国有企业议题谈判应反映发展中经济体成员的经济社会发展水平,国有企业议题规则应主要约束成员国政府行为而非企业经营活动。

The issues of state-owned enterprises( SOEs) have become the focus of WTO reform. From the perspective of practical practice and historical traces,combined with the Chinese characteristics of SOEs,this paper analyzes the path from bilateral rule-making to multilateral trade negotiation of SOEs,and points out that the SOEs issues negotiation may become explicit,and the introduction of SOEs issues into the WTO reform reflects the disputes between the two systems,and the SOEs issues negotiation based on the principle of competition neutrality has increased significantly. Finally,it is proposed that China should introduce high standard international rules through local experiments and carry out reasonable institutional innovation. In participating in the SOEs issues negotiation,China should emphasize fair treatment of enterprises with different ownership,and promote the multilateral trade rules of SOESs to reflect and apply to the economic and social development level of WTO developing members. At the same time,it should keep its tradition that the WTO rules discipline the member’s governments rather than the practice of business activities.