中间品关税减让对企业全球价值链生产长度的影响

The Influence and Mechanism of Intermediate Tariff Reduction on the Production Length of Global Value Chain: Analysis of Micro Data from Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

在加入WTO之后,中国中间品关税经历了大幅下降的过程,对制造业企业参与全球价值链、延长价值链生产长度产生了重要影响。文章将全球价值链生产长度的测度拓展到微观企业层面,利用2000~2013年中国制造业企业生产和贸易大样本数据,考察中间品关税减让对中国制造企业价值链生产长度的影响效应和作用机制。研究发现,中间品关税减让可以延长一般企业的前后向价值链生产长度。加入WTO之后,一般企业的前后向价值链生产长度相对加工企业显著延长。机制分析发现,降低中间品进口关税显著促进企业中间品进口数量和质量的提升,但中间品进口数量和质量对于价值链生产长度存在不同的中介影响效应。企业中间品进口数量的增加缩短了企业的前向价值链生产长度,但延长了企业的后向价值链生产长度;而企业中间品进口质量的提升对企业的前向和后向价值链生产长度都有促进作用。路径分析发现,降低中间品关税可以延长前后向国内生产链长度和后向国际生产链长度,但缩短了前向国际生产链长度。文章的研究结论对于如何促进中国企业更好地融入全球价值链,提升产业结构有一定的启示意义。

After joining the WTO,China’s tariffs on intermediate goods have undergone a significant decline,which has had an important impact on manufacturing companies’ participation in global value chains and increased production complexity. This paper extended the measurement of the global value chain production length to the level of micro-enterprise,used the large sample data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 2000 to 2013 to examine the impact of intermediate goods tariffs on production length of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The main research of this paper found that the reduction of intermediate goods tariff can extend the forward and backward production length of general enterprises. After joining the WTO,the forward and backward production length of general enterprises was significantly longer than that of processing enterprises. The mechanism analysis found that the reduction of import tariffs on intermediate goods significantly promoted the increase in the quantity and quality of intermediate goods imported by enterprises,but the quantity and quality of intermediate goods imports had different intermediary effects on the production length. The increase in the quantity of imported intermediate goods shortened the length of the forward value chain production length,but extended the backward value chain production length;while the improvement of the quality of the company’s imports of intermediate goods has promoted the enterprise’s forward and backward value chain production length. The path analysis showed that the reduction of intermediate tariff can extend the forward and backward domestic production length and backward international production length,but shorten the forward international production length. The conclusion of this paper has certain enlightenment significance on how to promote Chinese enterprises to better integrate into the global value chain and upgrade the industrial structure.