城市边缘区小微生境保护规划——欧盟高自然价值农田管控对我国城市区域生物多样性维持的启示

The Protection Planning of Small and Micro Habitats in Urban Fringe Areas: Enlightenment from the Management of High Natural Value Farmland in the EU to the Maintenance of Biodiversity in Urban Areas in China

城市边缘区生境单元是支撑区域生物多样性的重要环节,因受到城市与农业系统影响,多具有半自然属性,且类型丰富、斑块小、布局散,普遍依托于低强度农耕活动而存在。城市建设用地外向型扩张与集约农业生产易造成边缘区半自然生境规模减少、质量退化,且既有措施管控未能对其进行高效保护。高自然价值农田管控是欧盟保护与农业相关的半自然生境、维持区域生物多样性的有效举措,文章通过梳理欧盟高自然价值农田的类型界定、评价与识别、维持与管理等内容,提出针对我国边缘区小微生境保护的优化建议:(1)强化对小微生境及其相关用地的价值认知;(2)识别有利于生物多样性维持的小微生境,并将识别出的生境单元纳入区域网络进行整体保护;(3)结合刚性与弹性用地管控,兼顾复合功能诉求;(4)衔接既有法定规划,提升保护效能。

The habitat unit in urban fringe is an important link to support regional biodiversity;due to the inf luence of urban system and agricultural system, most of them are semi natural, appeared with diverse types, small patches, scattered layout, and generally relying on low intensity farming activities. Export-oriented expansion of urban construction land and intensive agricultural production are prone to reduce the scale and quality of semi natural habitats in urban fringe areas;and the existing measures can not effectively protect them. High natural value farmland management is an effective measure of the EU to protect semi-natural habitats related to agriculture and maintain regional biodiversity. Through combing the main points of high natural value farmland such as type definition, evaluation, identification, maintenance management, etc., this paper proposes the suggestions for optimization of small and micro semi-natural habitat protection in China:(1) strengthening the recognition of the value of small and microhabitats and related land use;(2) identifying small and micro-habitats that are conducive to the maintenance of biodiversity, and incorporating them in the overall protection of regional network;(3) combining the rigidity and flexibility of land use control, with the consideration of complex function demands;(4) Converging with the existing statutory planning to enhance the protection efficiency of small and micro habitats.